Wolfe Scott W, Crisco Joseph J, Orr Caley M, Marzke Mary W
Hand and Upper Extremity Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
J Hand Surg Am. 2006 Nov;31(9):1429-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.08.010.
Kinematic analysis has shown a near-stationary proximal carpal row during the dart-thrower's motion, which is believed to provide a stable platform for the generation of force and accuracy during certain power and precision grip activities. This finding is consistent with evidence in the human hand of adaptations that enabled effective manipulation of stones, cylindric wood, and bone tools for throwing and clubbing. There are at least two possible explanations for the observed human proximal carpal row kinematics. One is that it is retained from a previous common ancestor with great apes and previously adapted to some form of foraging or locomotor behavior involving the hands, but was recruited for tool use after we diverged from the apes. The second is that it evolved after our divergence from apes, in synchrony with adaptations in the human hand to the manipulation of tools, and central to the development of the human's unique ability to aim and accelerate tools and weapons.
运动学分析表明，在类似飞镖投掷的动作中，近端腕骨排几乎保持静止，据信这为在某些力量和精准抓握活动中产生力量和保持准确性提供了一个稳定的平台。这一发现与人类手部适应性的证据一致，这些适应性使得人类能够有效地操纵石头、圆柱形木材和骨制工具进行投掷和击打。对于观察到的人类近端腕骨排运动学，至少有两种可能的解释。一种是它从与大猩猩的共同祖先那里保留下来，先前适应了某种涉及手部的觅食或运动行为，但在我们与猿类分化后被用于工具使用。第二种是它在我们与猿类分化后进化而来，与人类手部对工具操纵的适应性同步，并且对于人类独特的瞄准和加速工具及武器的能力发展至关重要。
