人类手部的进化：投掷与棍棒使用的作用。
Evolution of the human hand: the role of throwing and clubbing.
作者信息
Young Richard W
机构信息
Department of Anatomy, University of California Medical School, Los Angeles, California, USA.
出版信息
J Anat. 2003 Jan;202(1):165-74. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00144.x.
It has been proposed that the hominid lineage began when a group of chimpanzee-like apes began to throw rocks and swing clubs at adversaries, and that this behaviour yielded reproductive advantages for millions of years, driving natural selection for improved throwing and clubbing prowess. This assertion leads to the prediction that the human hand should be adapted for throwing and clubbing, a topic that is explored in the following report. It is shown that the two fundamental human handgrips, first identified by J. R. Napier, and named by him the 'precision grip' and 'power grip', represent a throwing grip and a clubbing grip, thereby providing an evolutionary explanation for the two unique grips, and the extensive anatomical remodelling of the hand that made them possible. These results are supported by palaeoanthropological evidence.
有人提出，原始人类谱系始于一群类似黑猩猩的猿类开始向对手投掷石块和挥舞棍棒之时，并且这种行为在数百万年的时间里产生了繁殖优势，推动了自然选择以提高投掷和棍棒使用能力。这一论断引发了这样的预测，即人类的手应该适应投掷和棍棒使用，以下报告将探讨这一主题。研究表明，由J.R. 内皮尔首次识别并被他命名为“精确握法”和“强力握法”的两种基本人类握法，分别代表了投掷握法和棍棒握法，从而为这两种独特握法以及使它们成为可能的手部广泛解剖结构重塑提供了一种进化解释。这些结果得到了古人类学证据的支持。
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