Dufour Alain, Hindré Thomas, Haras Dominique, Le Pennec Jean-Paul
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, EA3884, Université de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2007 Mar;31(2):134-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00045.x. Epub 2006 Nov 9.
Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides from the bacteriocin family, secreted by Gram-positive bacteria. These peptides differ from other bacteriocins by the presence of (methyl)lanthionine residues, which result from enzymatic modification of precursor peptides encoded by structural genes. Several groups of lantibiotics have been distinguished, the largest of which is the lacticin 481 group. This group consists of at least 16 members, including lacticin 481, streptococcin A-FF22, mutacin II, nukacin ISK-1, and salivaricins. We present the first review devoted to this lantibiotic group, knowledge of which has increased significantly within the last few years. After updating the group composition and defining the common properties of these lantibiotics, we highlight the most recent developments. The latter concern: transcriptional regulation of the lantibiotic genes; understanding the biosynthetic machinery, in particular the ability to perform in vitro prepeptide maturation; characterization of a novel type of immunity protein; and broad application possibilities. This group differs in many aspects from the best known lantibiotic group (nisin group), but shares properties with less-studied groups such as the mersacidin, cytolysin and lactocin S groups.
羊毛硫抗生素是由革兰氏阳性菌分泌的细菌素家族抗菌肽。这些肽与其他细菌素的不同之处在于存在（甲基）羊毛硫氨酸残基，这些残基是由结构基因编码的前体肽经酶促修饰产生的。已区分出几组羊毛硫抗生素，其中最大的一组是乳酸链球菌素481组。该组至少由16个成员组成，包括乳酸链球菌素481、链球菌素A-FF22、变链菌素II、诺卡菌素ISK-1和唾液乳杆菌素。我们首次对这组羊毛硫抗生素进行综述，在过去几年中，人们对其的了解有了显著增加。在更新了该组的组成并确定了这些羊毛硫抗生素的共同特性后，我们重点介绍了最新进展。后者涉及：羊毛硫抗生素基因的转录调控；对生物合成机制的理解，特别是体外前体肽成熟的能力；新型免疫蛋白的表征；以及广泛的应用可能性。该组在许多方面与最知名的羊毛硫抗生素组（乳酸链球菌素组）不同，但与研究较少的组如梅萨杀菌素、溶细胞素和乳链菌肽S组具有共同特性。
