Agrawal Anurag A
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-2701, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2007 Feb;22(2):103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.012. Epub 2006 Nov 13.
Theories of plant defense expression are typically based on the concepts of tradeoffs among traits and of phylogenetic conservatism within clades. Here, I review recent developments in phylogenetic approaches to understanding the evolution of plant defense strategies and plant-herbivore coevolutionary interactions. I focus particularly on multivariate defense against insect herbivores, which is the simultaneous deployment of multiple traits, often arranged as convergently evolved defense syndromes. Answering many of the outstanding questions in the biology of plant defense will require generating broad hypotheses that can be explicitly tested by using comparative approaches and interpreting phylogenetic patterns. The comparative approach has wide-spread potential to reinvigorate tests of classic hypotheses about the evolution of interspecific interactions.
植物防御表达理论通常基于性状间权衡以及进化枝内系统发育保守性的概念。在此，我回顾了系统发育方法在理解植物防御策略进化和植物 - 食草动物协同进化相互作用方面的最新进展。我特别关注针对昆虫食草动物的多元防御，即同时部署多种性状，这些性状通常以趋同进化的防御综合征形式排列。要回答植物防御生物学中许多悬而未决的问题，需要提出广泛的假设，这些假设可以通过比较方法进行明确检验并解释系统发育模式。比较方法具有广泛的潜力，可以重振对关于种间相互作用进化的经典假设的检验。
