Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2010;55:439-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085333.
Exotic plants provide a unique opportunity to explore the evolution of defense allocation in plants. Many studies have focused on whether enemy release leads to a change in defense allocation. Little research has focused on induced defenses and on how resource availability in the nonindigenous range might cause evolutionary shifts in defense trait allocation. We examine (a) the major evolutionary hypotheses predicting defense expression in plants, (b) the hypotheses explaining defense evolution of exotic species, and (c) the importance of geographic variation in ecological interactions to defense evolution (geographic mosaics). In addition, we review the strengths and weaknesses of experimental approaches, present case studies, and suggest areas that deserve further attention.
外来植物为研究植物防御分配的进化提供了独特的机会。许多研究集中于天敌的释放是否会导致防御分配的变化。但很少有研究关注诱导防御，以及非原生范围的资源可利用性如何导致防御性状分配的进化变化。我们检验了：(a) 预测植物防御表达的主要进化假说；(b) 解释外来物种防御进化的假说；(c) 生态相互作用地理变异对防御进化（地理镶嵌）的重要性。此外，我们还回顾了实验方法的优缺点，提出了案例研究，并指出了值得进一步关注的领域。
