Howerth E W, Mead D G, Mueller P O, Duncan L, Murphy M D, Stallknecht D E
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2006 Nov;43(6):943-55. doi: 10.1354/vp.43-6-943.
Horses were inoculated with Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey and Indiana viruses by routes simulating contact and vector transmission. Clinical signs, lesions, antibody development, viral shedding and persistence, and viremia were monitored. Horses were infected with both viruses by all routes as confirmed by seroconversion. Salivation, primary lesions at inoculation sites, and secondary oral lesions were the most common clinical findings. Viral shedding was most often from the oral cavity, followed by the nasal cavity; titers were highest from oral cavity samples. Virus was rarely isolated from the conjunctival sac and never from feces or blood. Development of neutralizing antibody coincided with cessation of lesion development and detection of virus by isolation. Circulating virus-specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies developed in most animals postinoculation (PI) days 6 to 12, depending on the route of inoculation. At postmortem (PI days 12 to 15), lesions were healing, were not vesicular, and did not contain detectable virus by isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or immunohistochemistry. Numerous infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells suggested that lesion resolution was partially due to local immunity. Detection of viral RNA from tonsil and lymph nodes of head at necropsy suggests that these tissues play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease; molecular techniques targeting these tissues may be useful for confirming infection in resolving stages of disease. The routes of inoculation used in this study reflect the diversity of transmission routes that may occur during outbreaks and can be used to further study contact and vector transmission, vaccine development, and clarify pathogenesis of the disease in horses.
通过模拟接触传播和媒介传播的途径，用新泽西型和印第安纳型水疱性口炎病毒对马匹进行接种。监测临床症状、病变、抗体产生、病毒排泄与持续存在情况以及病毒血症。通过血清转化证实，所有接种途径的马匹均感染了这两种病毒。流涎、接种部位的原发性病变以及继发性口腔病变是最常见的临床发现。病毒排泄最常发生于口腔，其次是鼻腔；口腔样本的病毒滴度最高。病毒很少从结膜囊中分离出来，从未从粪便或血液中分离出来。中和抗体的产生与病变发展的停止以及通过病毒分离检测到病毒同时发生。大多数动物在接种后（PI）第6至12天产生循环病毒特异性IgM、IgG、IgA和中和抗体，具体取决于接种途径。在尸检时（PI第12至15天），病变正在愈合，不再是水疱性，通过病毒分离、逆转录酶聚合酶链反应或免疫组织化学检测不到病毒。大量浸润的淋巴细胞和浆细胞表明病变的消退部分归因于局部免疫。尸检时从扁桃体和头部淋巴结检测到病毒RNA，表明这些组织在疾病发病机制中起作用；针对这些组织的分子技术可能有助于在疾病的缓解阶段确认感染情况。本研究中使用的接种途径反映了疫情爆发期间可能出现的传播途径的多样性，可用于进一步研究接触传播和媒介传播、疫苗开发以及阐明马匹疾病的发病机制。
