Martínez-Alarcón L, Ríos A, Conesa C, Alcaraz J, González M J, Ramírez P, Parrilla P
Servicio de Cirugía, Unidad de Trasplantes, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
Clin Transplant. 2006 Nov-Dec;20(6):719-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2006.00541.x.
Most Spanish transplant centers have on-going living kidney transplant programs. However, such transplants are not increasing as a proportion of the total number of kidney transplants. The objective of this study is to analyze the attitude of kidney patients on the kidney transplant waiting list toward living kidney donation.
The patients studied were selected from those included on the kidney transplant waiting list from November 2003 until September 2005 (n = 221). Attitude toward living donation was evaluated using a psychosocial questionnaire. It was completed in a direct personal interview with an independent health-care worker from the Transplant Unit. Student's t-test and the chi-squared test were applied.
Two hundred and fourteen patients completed the questionnaire (97%), of which 35% would accept a related living kidney if it were offered to them, 60% would prefer to wait on the waiting list and the remaining 5% are undecided. Up to 66% (n = 134) of patients report that a member of their family or a friend have offered them an organ for donation. Eighty-nine percentage believe that there is some risk involved in living kidney donation, although it is not a factor that affects whether an organ would be accepted or not (p = 0.767). The psychosocial variables that affect attitude toward accepting a related living kidney are: (i) age: the youngest are those who are most likely to accept (40 vs. 45-yr-old; p = 0.010); (ii) descendents: patients without descendents are more likely to accept a living organ (56% vs. 27%; p < 0.000); (iii) marital status: a greater percentage of single respondents would be prepared to receive this type of transplant compared to the group of married respondents (55% vs. 30%. p = 0.007); and (iv) level of education: those with a higher level of education are more likely to accept a living organ (43% have secondary or university studies vs. 28% who only have primary education; p = 0.040).
Patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant do not have a very favorable attitude toward receiving a related-living donor organ, although members of their family have offered them one of their organs. The profile of a patient who would accept a related-living donated kidney is a young, single person, without descendents, and with a high level of education.
大多数西班牙移植中心都在开展活体肾移植项目。然而，此类移植在肾移植总数中所占比例并未增加。本研究的目的是分析肾移植等待名单上的患者对活体肾捐赠的态度。
研究对象选自2003年11月至2005年9月期间列入肾移植等待名单的患者（n = 221）。使用一份社会心理问卷评估对活体捐赠的态度。该问卷由移植科的一名独立医护人员在直接的个人访谈中完成。应用了学生t检验和卡方检验。
214名患者完成了问卷（97%），其中35%的患者若有相关活体肾可供捐赠会接受，60%的患者更愿意在等待名单上等待，其余5%未作决定。高达66%（n = 134）的患者报告其家庭成员或朋友曾向他们提出捐赠器官。89%的患者认为活体肾捐赠存在一定风险，尽管这并非影响是否接受器官的因素（p = 0.767）。影响接受相关活体肾态度的社会心理变量包括：（i）年龄：最年轻的患者最有可能接受（40岁与45岁；p = 0.010）；（ii）子女情况：没有子女的患者更有可能接受活体器官（56%对27%；p < 0.000）；（iii）婚姻状况：与已婚受访者相比，单身受访者中准备接受此类移植的比例更高（55%对30%，p = 0.007）；以及（iv）教育程度：教育程度较高的患者更有可能接受活体器官（43%接受过中学或大学教育，而仅有小学教育的患者为28%；p = 0.040）。
肾移植等待名单上的患者对接受相关活体供体器官的态度不太积极，尽管其家庭成员已向他们提供器官。愿意接受相关活体捐赠肾的患者特征是年轻、单身、没有子女且教育程度高。
