Caton S J, Bate L, Hetherington M M
Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
Physiol Behav. 2007 Feb 28;90(2-3):368-75. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.028. Epub 2006 Nov 14.
To compare the effects on appetite and energy intake (EI) within a meal and across 4 days of drinking wine either before (aperitif) or with (co-ingestion) a meal, 11 men attended the laboratory on three occasions. On each occasion participants were given breakfast in the laboratory then 3 h later returned for a two course (garlic bread, pizza) lunch, then recorded food intake for the remainder of the day and the next 3 days. In the control condition, participants ate lunch ad libitum; in the aperitif condition 375 ml of red wine was consumed 20 min before lunch; and in the co-ingestion condition 125 ml of red wine was consumed with the starter and 250 ml of red wine was consumed with the main course. Subjective ratings of appetite and mood were administered before and after the meal. EI at lunch was greater when wine was consumed (p<0.01) (aperitif: 6436+/-435 kJ; co-ingestion: 6254+/-417 kJ) compared to control (5125+/-262 kJ). In particular, intake of the starter was enhanced by wine consumption. Having wine as an aperitif significantly influenced subjective ratings of light headedness and fatigue. These results suggest that the effects of wine on appetite are immediate, and stimulate food intake early in the meal. Total EI during the test days was significantly higher than during subsequent days revealing a tendency to overeat in the laboratory, exacerbated by drinking wine before or with lunch. However, lean healthy men adjusted total EI on the days following the laboratory in all conditions.
为了比较餐前（开胃酒）或用餐时（同时饮用）饮用葡萄酒对一餐内及4天内食欲和能量摄入（EI）的影响，11名男性分三次到实验室参加实验。每次实验时，参与者先在实验室吃早餐，3小时后回来吃一顿有两道菜（蒜蓉面包、披萨）的午餐，然后记录当天剩余时间及接下来3天的食物摄入量。在对照条件下，参与者随意吃午餐；在开胃酒条件下，在午餐前20分钟饮用375毫升红酒；在同时饮用条件下，开胃菜时饮用125毫升红酒，主菜时饮用250毫升红酒。在餐前和餐后对食欲和情绪进行主观评分。与对照（5125±262千焦）相比，饮用葡萄酒时午餐的能量摄入更高（p<0.01）（开胃酒组：6436±435千焦；同时饮用组：6254±417千焦）。特别是，饮用葡萄酒会增加开胃菜的摄入量。将葡萄酒作为开胃酒显著影响了头晕和疲劳的主观评分。这些结果表明，葡萄酒对食欲的影响是即时的，并且在进餐早期就会刺激食物摄入。测试期间的总能量摄入显著高于随后几天，这表明在实验室环境中有暴饮暴食的倾向，而在午餐前或用餐时饮用葡萄酒会加剧这种情况。然而，在所有条件下，健康瘦男性在实验室实验后的几天里会调整总能量摄入。
