Winwood Peter C, Lushington Kurt
School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 2006 Dec;56(6):679-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04055.x.
This paper reports a study to determine if different types of work strain experienced by nurses, particularly those of an essentially psychological nature, such as emotional demand, mental effort and problems with peers and/or supervisors, have a differential impact on sleep quality and overall recovery from work strain, compared with physical work strains, and lead to higher maladaptive chronic fatigue outcomes.
Various studies have shown that the dominant work-demand strain associated with nursing work can vary between different areas of nursing. For example, whereas emotional strain is reported to be the principal strain associated with work in areas such as oncology, haematology and renal units, medical and surgical unit nurses report work pace and staffing issues as the dominant work strain. Purely physical strain seems to be less commonly reported as a concern.
A large sample (n = 760) of Australian nurses working in a large metropolitan hospital completed questionnaires on their work demands, sleep quality, fatigue, and recovery between shifts in January 2004.
A high work pace exacerbates the psychological rather than the physical strain demands of nursing. Psychological strain affects sleep quality and impairs recovery from overall work strain between shifts. This combination is highly predictive of serious maladaptive stress/fatigue outcomes among nurses.
Coping with psychological stressors adequately is an important requirement for nurses in order to avoid adverse health effects and maintain a long-term career in nursing. Appropriate training of undergraduate nursing students in managing the stresses they are likely to encounter would seem to be an essential requirement for the 21st century. Such training might constitute an important long-term component in overcoming the chronic nurse shortages evident in many countries.
本文报告一项研究，以确定护士所经历的不同类型的工作压力，特别是那些本质上属于心理性质的压力，如情感需求、精神努力以及与同事和/或上级的问题，与身体工作压力相比，是否对睡眠质量和从工作压力中整体恢复有不同影响，并导致更高的适应不良慢性疲劳结果。
各种研究表明，与护理工作相关的主要工作需求压力在护理的不同领域可能有所不同。例如，据报道，情感压力是肿瘤学、血液学和肾脏科室等领域工作的主要压力，而内科和外科科室的护士则将工作节奏和人员配备问题报告为主要工作压力。纯粹的身体压力似乎较少被报告为一个问题。
2004年1月，在一家大型都市医院工作的大量澳大利亚护士样本（n = 760）完成了关于他们的工作需求、睡眠质量、疲劳以及轮班间恢复情况的问卷调查。
高工作节奏加剧了护理工作的心理压力而非身体压力需求。心理压力会影响睡眠质量，并损害轮班间从整体工作压力中的恢复。这种组合高度预测护士中严重的适应不良压力/疲劳结果。
充分应对心理压力源是护士的一项重要要求，以避免对健康产生不利影响并维持长期的护理职业生涯。对本科护理学生进行适当培训，以管理他们可能遇到的压力，似乎是21世纪的一项基本要求。这种培训可能是克服许多国家明显的长期护士短缺问题的一个重要长期组成部分。
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