短跑起跑与最小听觉反应时间。
Sprint starts and the minimum auditory reaction time.
作者信息
Pain Matthew T G, Hibbs Angela
机构信息
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
出版信息
J Sports Sci. 2007 Jan 1;25(1):79-86. doi: 10.1080/02640410600718004.
The simple auditory reaction time is one of the fastest reaction times and is thought to be rarely less than 100 ms. The current false start criterion in a sprint used by the International Association of Athletics Federations is based on this assumed auditory reaction time of 100 ms. However, there is evidence, both anecdotal and from reflex research, that simple auditory reaction times of less than 100 ms can be achieved. Reaction time in nine athletes performing sprint starts in four conditions was measured using starting blocks instrumented with piezoelectric force transducers in each footplate that were synchronized with the starting signal. Only three conditions were used to calculate reaction times. The pre-motor and pseudo-motor time for two athletes were also measured across 13 muscles using surface electromyography (EMG) synchronized with the rest of the system. Five of the athletes had mean reaction times of less than 100 ms in at least one condition and 20% of all starts in the first two conditions had a reaction time of less than 100 ms. The results demonstrate that the neuromuscular-physiological component of simple auditory reaction times can be under 85 ms and that EMG latencies can be under 60 ms.
简单听觉反应时间是最快的反应时间之一,通常认为很少会少于100毫秒。国际田径联合会目前在短跑比赛中使用的起跑犯规标准就是基于这一假定的100毫秒听觉反应时间。然而,有传闻证据以及反射研究表明,简单听觉反应时间可以低于100毫秒。在四种条件下对九名进行短跑起跑的运动员的反应时间进行了测量,使用的起跑器在每个踏板上都装有压电式力传感器,并与起跑信号同步。仅用三种条件来计算反应时间。还通过与系统其他部分同步的表面肌电图(EMG)对两名运动员的13块肌肉的运动前时间和假运动时间进行了测量。五名运动员在至少一种条件下的平均反应时间少于100毫秒,在前两种条件下所有起跑中有20%的反应时间少于100毫秒。结果表明,简单听觉反应时间的神经肌肉生理成分可以低于85毫秒,肌电图潜伏期可以低于60毫秒。