Chang Yu-Hua, Wu Mei-Hsuan, Lin Kuei-Fu, Tan Kok-Hwa
Physical Education Office, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jun 28. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05830-1.
This study investigated the effects of speed, agility, and quickness training (SAQT) and free sprint training (FST) on lower limb muscle activation and crouch start reaction time in university students.
Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the SAQT or FST group. Both groups underwent 12 weeks of training (3 sessions/week). Electromyography (EMG) measured muscle activation and crouch start reaction time at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. A mixed-design two-way ANOVA assessed changes over time.
SAQT led to greater improvements in muscle activation, particularly in the rectus femoris and right biceps femoris. Significant increases in right rectus femoris and biceps femoris activation were observed at 12 weeks (241.10 ± 202.92 and 140.25 ± 62.57) compared with pre-test values (127.36 ± 59.03 and 91.36 ± 44.42; p = 0.010 and 0.014). The FST group showed higher right biceps femoris activation after 6 weeks of training (p = 0.012). No significant differences were found in peroneus longus activation or crouch start reaction time between groups or across time points.
SAQT effectively enhanced lower limb muscle activation, suggesting benefits for neuromuscular coordination and explosive power development. The lack of improvement in reaction time may be due to participants' limited crouch start proficiency. Integrating SAQT with skill-based start drills may better improve sprint performance. Future studies should examine trained or professional athletes to further validate these findings.
本研究调查了速度、敏捷性和快速性训练（SAQT）以及自由短跑训练（FST）对大学生下肢肌肉激活和蹲踞式起跑反应时间的影响。
36名参与者被随机分配到SAQT组或FST组。两组均接受为期12周的训练（每周3次训练）。在干预前、中期和后期，通过肌电图（EMG）测量肌肉激活和蹲踞式起跑反应时间。采用混合设计双向方差分析评估随时间的变化。
SAQT导致肌肉激活有更大改善，尤其是股直肌和右侧股二头肌。与测试前值（127.36±59.03和91.36±44.42）相比，在12周时观察到右侧股直肌和股二头肌激活显著增加（241.10±202.92和140.25±62.57；p=0.010和0.014）。FST组在训练6周后右侧股二头肌激活更高（p=0.012）。两组之间或各时间点之间，在腓骨长肌激活或蹲踞式起跑反应时间方面未发现显著差异。
SAQT有效增强了下肢肌肉激活，表明对神经肌肉协调和爆发力发展有益。反应时间缺乏改善可能是由于参与者蹲踞式起跑熟练度有限。将SAQT与基于技能的起跑训练相结合可能会更好地提高短跑成绩。未来的研究应检查训练有素的或专业运动员，以进一步验证这些发现。
