Wu Li-Tzy, Howard Matthew Owen
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI), Durham, NC 27715, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 May 11;88(2-3):146-55. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.10.012. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
To examine the prevalence and correlates of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders among lifetime inhalant users.
Statistical analyses were based on data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative survey of adults in the United States.
Inhalant users (N=664) had high lifetime prevalences of DSM-IV mood (48%), anxiety (36%), and personality (45%) disorders. Of all inhalant users, 70% met criteria for at least one lifetime mood, anxiety, or personality disorder and 38% experienced a mood or anxiety disorder in the past year. Prevalences of comorbid psychiatric disorders varied by gender. Compared with male inhalant users, female inhalant users had higher prevalences of lifetime dysthymia (24% versus 16%), any anxiety disorder (53% versus 30%), panic disorder without agoraphobia (25% versus 11%), and specific phobia (28% versus 14%), but a lower prevalence of antisocial personality disorder (22% versus 36%). Female inhalant users also were more likely than male inhalant users to meet criteria for three or more mood or anxiety disorders (15% versus 8%) in the past year. Among inhalant users with comorbid disorders, those who developed social or specific phobia typically experienced onset of these disorders prior to initiation of inhalant use; all other mood and anxiety disorders usually developed following the onset of inhalant use. Inhalant users who were women, poor, less educated, with early onset of inhalant use, family histories of psychopathology, and personal histories of substance abuse treatment had increased odds of psychiatric disorders.
Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among inhalant users nationally and female inhalant users are more likely than male inhalant users to experience multiple psychiatric disorders. Inhalant use and its consequences among females warrant greater research attention.
研究终生吸入剂使用者中情绪、焦虑和人格障碍的患病率及其相关因素。
统计分析基于2001 - 2002年全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查（NESARC）的数据，该调查是对美国成年人具有全国代表性的调查。
吸入剂使用者（N = 664）终生患DSM - IV情绪障碍（48%）、焦虑障碍（36%）和人格障碍（45%）的患病率较高。在所有吸入剂使用者中，70%符合至少一种终生情绪、焦虑或人格障碍的标准，38%在过去一年中经历过情绪或焦虑障碍。共病精神障碍的患病率因性别而异。与男性吸入剂使用者相比，女性吸入剂使用者终生患心境恶劣障碍的患病率更高（24%对16%）、患任何焦虑障碍的患病率更高（53%对30%）、患无广场恐怖症的惊恐障碍的患病率更高（25%对11%）以及患特定恐惧症的患病率更高（28%对14%），但反社会人格障碍的患病率较低（22%对36%）。女性吸入剂使用者在过去一年中也比男性吸入剂使用者更有可能符合三种或更多情绪或焦虑障碍的标准（15%对8%）。在患有共病障碍的吸入剂使用者中，那些患上社交或特定恐惧症的人通常在开始使用吸入剂之前就出现了这些障碍；所有其他情绪和焦虑障碍通常在开始使用吸入剂之后出现。女性、贫困、受教育程度较低、较早开始使用吸入剂、有精神病理学家族史以及有药物滥用治疗个人史的吸入剂使用者患精神障碍的几率增加。
在全国范围内，吸入剂使用者中精神障碍非常普遍，女性吸入剂使用者比男性吸入剂使用者更有可能经历多种精神障碍。女性使用吸入剂及其后果值得更多的研究关注。
