Minervini Fiorenza, Giannoccaro Alessandra, Fornelli Francesca, Dell'Aquila Maria Elena, Minoia Paolo, Visconti Angelo
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2006 Nov 30;4:62. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-62.
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and beta-zearalenol (alpha and beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZEA and its derivatives, alpha and beta-ZOL, on granulosa cells (GCs) from the ovaries of cycling mares.
The cell proliferation was evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test after 3 days exposure at different concentrations of ZEA and its derivatives (from 1 x 10-7 to 0.1 microM). The apoptosis induction was evaluated after 1 day exposure, by DNA analysis using flow cytometry.
An increase in cell proliferation with respect to the control was observed in the presence of ZEA at 1 x 10-3 and 1 x 10-4 microM and apoptosis was induced by all mycotoxins at different concentrations.
The simultaneous presence of apoptosis and proliferation in GC cultures treated with zearalenones could indicate that these mycotoxins could be effective in inducing follicular atresia. These effects of zearalenones may result from both direct interaction with oestrogen-receptors as well as interaction with the enzymes 3alpha (beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), involved in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones. These cellular disturbances, described for the first time in equine GCs cultured in vitro, could be hypothesized as referred to reproductive failures of unknown ethiology in the mare.
由镰刀菌属合成的霉菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）及其衍生物α-玉米赤霉醇和β-玉米赤霉醇（α-ZOL和β-ZOL），常作为污染物存在于谷物和动物饲料中。ZEA对家畜生殖系统紊乱的影响已为人熟知，尤其是在猪和牛身上。对于马，迄今为止，关于日粮中ZEA暴露对生殖健康的影响及其对生殖细胞的体外作用的数据有限。本研究的目的是评估ZEA及其衍生物α-ZOL和β-ZOL对发情周期母马卵巢颗粒细胞（GCs）的影响。
在不同浓度（1×10⁻⁷至0.1微摩尔）的ZEA及其衍生物中暴露3天后，使用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）试验评估细胞增殖。暴露1天后，通过流式细胞术进行DNA分析评估细胞凋亡诱导情况。
在1×10⁻³和1×10⁻⁴微摩尔的ZEA存在下，观察到细胞增殖相对于对照组有所增加，并且所有霉菌毒素在不同浓度下均诱导了细胞凋亡。
在用玉米赤霉烯酮处理的GC培养物中同时存在凋亡和增殖，这可能表明这些霉菌毒素在诱导卵泡闭锁方面是有效的。玉米赤霉烯酮的这些作用可能是由于其与雌激素受体的直接相互作用以及与参与内源性甾体激素合成和代谢的3α（β）-羟基类固醇脱氢酶（HSD）的相互作用所致。这些细胞紊乱首次在体外培养的马GC中被描述，可推测与母马不明病因的生殖失败有关。
