Raymond S L, Smith T K, Swamy H V L N
Equine Guelph, and University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2005 Jun;83(6):1267-73. doi: 10.2527/2005.8361267x.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins to mature, exercised horses, and to test the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer) in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. Six mature, mixed-breed mares with an average BW of 530 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 21 d in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Feed consumed each day was a combination of up to 3.5 kg of concentrates and 5.0 kg of mixed timothy/alfalfa hay (as-fed basis). The concentrates fed included 1) manage; 2) blend of contaminated grains; and 3) contaminated grains + 0.2% GM polymer (MTB-100, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY). Concentrates containing contaminated grains averaged 11.0 ppm deoxynivalenol, 0.7 ppm 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and 0.8 ppm zearalenone (as-fed basis). Feed intake and BW were monitored over a 21-d period. Horses were maintained on a fixed exercise schedule throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, each horse completed a time-to-fatigue treadmill step test. Variables measured during pretest, each step of the test, and 5 and 10 min posttest were as follows: 1) time-to-fatigue, 2) heart rate, 3) hematological variables, and 4) serum lactate concentration. Each step consisted of 2 min of fast trot with a 2% increase in incline after each 2 min. Feed intake by horses fed contaminated grains was decreased compared with controls throughout the experiment (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 0.2% GM polymer to the contaminated diet did not alter feed intake by horses compared with those fed the unsupplemented contaminated diet. All hay was consumed regardless of concentrate fed. Weight loss from 0 to 21 d was observed in horses fed contaminated grains compared with controls (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was seen on variables used to measure athletic ability, although the results showed an expected response to exercise for a fit horse. We conclude that exercised horses are susceptible to Fusarium mycotoxicoses as indicated by appetite suppression and weight loss.
进行了一项实验，以确定向成熟的运动马匹投喂天然受镰刀菌霉菌毒素污染的谷物混合物的影响，并测试一种聚合葡甘露聚糖霉菌毒素吸附剂（GM聚合物）预防镰刀菌霉菌毒素中毒的功效。六匹平均体重530千克的成熟混种母马，按照重复3×3拉丁方设计，被分配到三种日粮处理之一，为期21天。每天消耗的饲料是最多3.5千克精饲料和5.0千克混合提摩西/苜蓿干草（按饲喂基础计算）的组合。所喂的精饲料包括：1）普通饲料；2）受污染谷物混合物；3）受污染谷物+0.2%GM聚合物（MTB - 100，奥特奇公司，肯塔基州尼古拉斯维尔）。含有受污染谷物的精饲料平均含有11.0 ppm脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、0.7 ppm 15 - 乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和0.8 ppm玉米赤霉烯酮（按饲喂基础计算）。在21天的时间内监测采食量和体重。在整个实验过程中，马匹保持固定的运动计划。在实验结束时，每匹马完成了一项疲劳时间跑步机阶梯测试。在测试前、测试的每一步以及测试后5分钟和10分钟测量的变量如下：1）疲劳时间；（2）心率；（3）血液学变量；（4）血清乳酸浓度。每一步包括2分钟的快步小跑，每2分钟后坡度增加2%。在整个实验过程中，与对照组相比，投喂受污染谷物的马匹采食量下降（P<0.05）。与未添加GM聚合物的受污染日粮组相比，在受污染日粮中添加0.2%的GM聚合物并没有改变马匹的采食量。无论饲喂何种精饲料，所有干草都被消耗。与对照组相比，投喂受污染谷物的马匹在0至21天出现体重减轻（P<0.05）。尽管结果显示健康马匹对运动有预期反应，但日粮对用于衡量运动能力的变量没有影响。我们得出结论，如食欲抑制和体重减轻所示，运动马匹易患镰刀菌霉菌毒素中毒。
