Lopes da Silva F
Department of Experimental Zoology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991 Aug;79(2):81-93. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(91)90044-5.
In this review, a number of experimental findings and theoretical concepts that have led to new insights into the mechanisms underlying brain waves are presented. At the cellular level, the new evidence that certain types of neuron have intrinsic oscillatory properties that may underlie rhythmic EEG activities is discussed. In particular, the question of whether spindle oscillations are autonomous or input-dependent is addressed. At the neural network level, the main circuits of the thalamus and cortex that are responsible for the occurrence and modulation of spindles and alpha activity are described. In addition, the properties of rhythmic activities outside the alpha band are considered, particularly in relation to the prominent beta activity of the visual cortex. At the theoretical level, the possibility that neural networks may behave as complex dynamic systems with the properties of deterministic chaos is discussed. Finally, the fact that brain rhythms may have functional implications for the working of neural networks is examined in relation to 2 cases: the possibility that oscillations may subserve a gating function, and that oscillations may play a role in the formation of assemblies of neurons that represent given stimulus patterns.
在本综述中，呈现了一些实验发现和理论概念，这些发现和概念为脑电波潜在机制带来了新的见解。在细胞水平上，讨论了某些类型的神经元具有内在振荡特性这一新证据，这些特性可能是节律性脑电图活动的基础。特别探讨了纺锤波振荡是自主的还是依赖输入的问题。在神经网络层面，描述了负责纺锤波和阿尔法活动的发生与调节的丘脑和皮层的主要回路。此外，还考虑了阿尔法波段之外的节律性活动的特性，特别是与视觉皮层突出的贝塔活动相关的特性。在理论层面，讨论了神经网络可能表现为具有确定性混沌特性的复杂动态系统的可能性。最后，结合两个案例研究了脑节律可能对神经网络运作具有功能意义这一事实：振荡可能具有门控功能的可能性，以及振荡可能在代表给定刺激模式的神经元集合形成中发挥作用的可能性。
