Rodríguez Teresa, Younglove Lisa, Lu Chensheng, Funez Aura, Weppner Sarah, Barr Dana B, Fenske Richard A
Programa de Salud Ocupacional y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2006 Oct-Dec;12(4):312-20. doi: 10.1179/oeh.2006.12.4.312.
Exposures were assessed for seven small-scale farmers using chlorpyrifos on corn and ten banana plantation employees applying diazinon, and for one child of each worker. Metabolites (TCPYand IMPY) were measured in urine before and after applications. TCPY concentrations peaked at 27 and 8.5 hours post-application for applicators and children, respectively (geometric means, 26 and 3.0 microg/L). Proximity to spraying and spray mixture preparation in homes were important exposure factors. IMPY concentrations differed substantially across workers at two plantations (geometric means, 1.3 and 168 mirog/L); however, their children had little or no diazinon exposure. These workers and children were also exposed to chlorpyrifos, most likely through contact with chlorpyrifos-impregnated bags used in banana production. Several recommendations are offered: (1) monitor children's activities during applications; (2) do not store or prepare pesticides in homes; (3) institute sound occupational hygiene practices at banana plantations; (4) dispose of plastic insecticide bags properly at the worksite.
对7名在玉米上使用毒死蜱的小规模农户、10名施用二嗪农的香蕉种植园员工以及每位员工的一名子女进行了暴露评估。在施用前后测量尿液中的代谢物（TCPY和IMPY）。施用者和儿童尿液中TCPY浓度分别在施用后27小时和8.5小时达到峰值（几何平均数分别为26和3.0微克/升）。在家中靠近喷洒区域以及参与喷雾混合制剂配制是重要的暴露因素。两个种植园工人的IMPY浓度差异很大（几何平均数分别为1.3和168微克/升）；然而，他们的子女几乎没有或未接触二嗪农。这些工人及其子女还接触了毒死蜱，很可能是通过接触香蕉生产中使用的浸有毒死蜱的袋子。提出了若干建议：（1）在施用农药期间监测儿童活动；（2）不在家中储存或配制农药；（3）在香蕉种植园实施良好的职业卫生措施；（4）在工作现场妥善处理塑料杀虫剂袋。
