Butler-Dawson Jaime, Galvin Kit, Thorne Peter S, Rohlman Diane S
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
Neurotoxicology. 2016 Mar;53:165-172. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.009. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
Children living in agricultural communities have a greater risk from pesticides due to para-occupational pathways. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides on the neurobehavioral performance of school-aged Latino children over time. Two exposure measures were used to estimate children's pesticide exposure: parent's occupation (agricultural or non-agricultural) and organophosphate residues in home carpet dust samples. During 2008-2011, 206 school-aged children completed a battery of neurobehavioral tests two times, approximately one year apart. The associations between both exposure measures and neurobehavioral performance were examined. Pesticide residues were detected in dust samples from both agricultural and non-agricultural homes, however, pesticides were detected more frequently and in higher concentrations in agricultural homes compared to non-agricultural homes. Although few differences were found between agricultural and non-agricultural children at both visits, deficits in learning from the first visit to the second visit, or less improvement, was found in agricultural children relative to non-agricultural children. These differences were significant for the Divided Attention and Purdue Pegboard tests. These findings are consistent with previous research showing deficits in motor function. A summary measure of organophosphate residues was not associated with neurobehavioral performance. Results from this study indicate that children in agricultural communities are at increased risk from pesticides as a result of a parent working in agricultural. Our findings suggest that organophosphate exposure may be associated with deficits in learning on neurobehavioral performance, particularly in tests of with motor function. In spite of regulatory phasing out of organophosphates in the U.S., we still see elevated levels and higher detection rates of several organophosphates in agricultural households than non-agricultural households, albeit lower levels than prior studies.
由于准职业途径，生活在农业社区的儿童接触农药的风险更大。本研究的目的是评估有机磷农药暴露对学龄拉丁裔儿童神经行为表现的长期影响。使用两种暴露测量方法来估计儿童的农药暴露情况：父母的职业（农业或非农业）以及家庭地毯灰尘样本中的有机磷残留。在2008年至2011年期间，206名学龄儿童完成了一系列神经行为测试，两次测试间隔约一年。研究了这两种暴露测量方法与神经行为表现之间的关联。在农业家庭和非农业家庭的灰尘样本中均检测到了农药残留，然而，与非农业家庭相比，农业家庭中农药的检测频率更高，浓度也更高。尽管在两次访视中，农业家庭儿童和非农业家庭儿童之间几乎没有发现差异，但相对于非农业家庭儿童，农业家庭儿童在第一次访视到第二次访视期间学习能力出现了不足，或者改善较少。在注意力分散测试和普渡钉板测试中，这些差异具有统计学意义。这些发现与先前关于运动功能缺陷的研究结果一致。有机磷残留的综合测量指标与神经行为表现无关。本研究结果表明，由于父母从事农业工作，农业社区的儿童接触农药的风险增加。我们的研究结果表明，有机磷暴露可能与神经行为表现的学习缺陷有关，特别是在运动功能测试中。尽管美国已对有机磷进行监管淘汰，但我们仍然发现，农业家庭中几种有机磷的含量水平和检测率高于非农业家庭，尽管其含量水平低于先前的研究。
