Clifton Kelly J, Kreamer-Fults Kandice
Urban Studies and Planning Program, National Center for Smart Growth Research and Education, Preinkert Field House, Ste. 1112N, Bldg. #054, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2007 Jul;39(4):708-15. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2006.11.003. Epub 2006 Dec 15.
This paper examines pedestrian-vehicular crashes in the vicinity of public schools, the severity of injuries sustained, and their relationship to the physical and social attributes near the schools. Multivariate models of crash severity and crash risk exposure were estimated as a function of social and physical characteristics of the area immediately surrounding schools in Baltimore City, Maryland. Results show that the presence of a driveway or turning bay on the school entrance decreases both crash occurrence and injury severity. Conversely, the presence of recreational facilities on the school site is positively associated with crash occurrence and injury severity of crashes. Findings related to neighborhood characteristics were mixed but the significant variables - transit access, commercial access, and population density - are generally associated with increased pedestrian demand and should be interpreted with care. The results of this study are relevant for Safe Routes to School projects and point to areas meriting further study.
本文研究了公立学校附近的行人与车辆碰撞事故、所受伤害的严重程度，以及这些事故与学校附近的自然和社会属性之间的关系。作为马里兰州巴尔的摩市学校周边区域社会和自然特征的函数，对碰撞严重程度和碰撞风险暴露的多变量模型进行了估计。结果表明，学校入口处设有车道或转弯处会降低碰撞事故的发生率和伤害严重程度。相反，学校场地内设有娱乐设施与碰撞事故的发生率和碰撞伤害的严重程度呈正相关。与社区特征相关的研究结果好坏参半，但重要变量——公交可达性、商业可达性和人口密度——通常与行人需求增加相关，对此应谨慎解读。本研究结果与“安全上学路”项目相关，并指出了值得进一步研究的领域。
