Casado-Martínez M C, Fernández N, Forja J M, DelValls T A
Departamento de Química-Física, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro, S/N., C.P. 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Environ Int. 2007 May;33(4):456-62. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.10.008. Epub 2006 Dec 15.
Since 1994 the results of the analyses of key chemical compounds (trace metals, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and the comparison with the corresponding sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) are used in decision-making for dredged material management in Spain. Nonetheless in the last decades a tiered testing approach is promoted for assessing the physical and chemical characteristics of dredged sediments and their potential biological effects in the environment. Bioassays have been used for sediment toxicity assessment in Spain but few or no experiences are reported on harbour sediments. We studied the incidence of toxicity in the 7 d bioassay using rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and the 48 h bioassay using sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos over a series of experiments employing 22 different elutriates. The relative performance of this exposure phase was not comparable to data on the 10-d acute toxicity test using the burrowing amphipod Corophium volutator and the polychaete Arenicola marina, carried out on the whole sediments. These results evidence the importance of the exposure route and the test selected in decision-making, as the toxicity registered for the undiluted elutriates was largely due to the different solubility of sediment-bound contaminants. This work and other studies indicate that for many sediments, a complete battery of test is recommended together with physico-chemical analyses to decide whether dredged sediments are suitable for open water disposal or not.
自1994年以来，西班牙在疏浚物料管理决策中采用了关键化合物（痕量金属、多氯联苯和多环芳烃）分析结果，并与相应的沉积物质量指南（SQG）进行比较。尽管如此，在过去几十年里，人们推广了一种分层测试方法，用于评估疏浚沉积物的物理和化学特性及其在环境中的潜在生物效应。生物测定法已用于西班牙沉积物毒性评估，但关于港口沉积物的报告很少或没有相关经验。我们在一系列使用22种不同淘析物的实验中，研究了使用轮虫（褶皱臂尾轮虫）进行的7天生物测定和使用海胆（紫海胆）胚胎进行的48小时生物测定中的毒性发生率。该暴露阶段的相对性能与对整个沉积物进行的使用穴居双壳类动物卷贝和多毛类动物沙蠋的10天急性毒性试验的数据不可比。这些结果证明了暴露途径和决策中所选测试的重要性，因为未稀释淘析物的毒性很大程度上归因于沉积物结合污染物的不同溶解度。这项工作和其他研究表明，对于许多沉积物，建议结合物理化学分析进行完整的测试组合，以确定疏浚沉积物是否适合在开阔水域处置。
