Peres Karen Glazer, De Oliveira Latorre Maria Do Rosário Dias, Sheiham Aubrey, Peres Marco Aurélio, Victora César Gomes, Barros Fernando Celso
Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007 Jan;17(1):41-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2006.00793.x.
Little is known about the effects of social and biological risk factors for open bite on the primary dentition. The aim of this study was to assess the early-life risk factors affecting anterior open bite.
A cross-sectional study using a birth cohort was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. A sample of 400, 6-year-old children was employed. The Foster and Hamilton criteria were used to classify open bite. Data concerning social conditions, and perinatal and childhood health and behaviour were obtained from birth to 12 months of age and during the fifth year of the children's lives. Unconditional bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.
The prevalence of anterior open bite was 46.3%. Risk factors included: a maternal age of between 30 and 39 years, as compared with children whose mothers were younger; breast-feeding for < 9 months; dental caries experience; pacifier sucking between 12 months and 5 years, as compared to no sucking or a shorter duration of sucking; and the presence of finger-sucking at 6 years of age.
Open bite in the primary dentition was associated with older mothers, early weaning, dental caries occurrence, long-term use of a pacifier and finger-sucking at 6 years of age. These findings support the common risk approach for intervention to prevent open bite in the primary dentition.
关于开放性咬合的社会和生物学风险因素对乳牙列的影响，人们了解甚少。本研究的目的是评估影响前牙开放性咬合的早期风险因素。
在巴西佩洛塔斯进行了一项使用出生队列的横断面研究。采用了400名6岁儿童的样本。使用福斯特和汉密尔顿标准对开放性咬合进行分类。收集了从出生到12个月以及儿童5岁期间有关社会状况、围产期和儿童健康与行为的数据。进行了无条件双变量和多因素逻辑回归分析。
前牙开放性咬合的患病率为46.3%。风险因素包括：母亲年龄在30至39岁之间（与母亲年龄较小的儿童相比）；母乳喂养时间<9个月；有龋齿经历；12个月至5岁期间使用安抚奶嘴（与不使用或使用时间较短相比）；以及6岁时存在吮指习惯。
乳牙列开放性咬合与母亲年龄较大、过早断奶、龋齿发生、长期使用安抚奶嘴以及6岁时吮指习惯有关。这些发现支持采用共同风险方法进行干预，以预防乳牙列开放性咬合。
