Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Jul 8;20(1):396. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03054-z.
The literature is controversial with regard to the association between longer breastfeeding duration and lower prevalence of anterior open bite. Pacifier use may be involved in this controversy. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess the influence of pacifier use and its duration on the association between longer breastfeeding duration and lower prevalence of anterior open bite in children with primary dentition.
This was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study involving 153 infants recruited at a maternity hospital in the municipality of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The study outcome (anterior open bite) was assessed when the children were between 3 and 5 years old. Data on breastfeeding and pacifier use were collected at 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days of life and on the date of the evaluation here described. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to analyze the association between the prevalence of anterior open bite and breastfeeding duration, expressed in months.
The univariate analysis showed a protective effect of breastfeeding against anterior open bite (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.95-0.98). This effect remained significant after adjustment for pacifier use at any time between birth and the date of dental assessment (PR0.98; 95%CI; 0.96-0.99), i.e., there was a reduction of 2% in the prevalence of anterior open bite for each month of breastfeeding. However, this effect lost significance when pacifier use duration was included in the multivariate analysis (PR1.00; 95%CI; 0.99-1.01).
Pacifier use duration influences the association between longer breastfeeding duration and lower prevalence of anterior open bite. It is likely that prolonged pacifier use reduces the magnitude of this association.
关于母乳喂养时间与前牙开颌发生率之间的关联，文献存在争议。安抚奶嘴的使用可能与这一争议有关。因此，本研究的目的是评估安抚奶嘴的使用及其持续时间对母乳喂养时间与儿童乳牙前牙开颌发生率之间关联的影响。
这是一项嵌套在队列研究中的横断面研究，共纳入了巴西南部阿雷格里港市一家妇产医院的 153 名婴儿。当儿童 3 至 5 岁时评估研究结局（前牙开颌）。在生命的第 7、30、60、120 和 180 天以及本文描述的评估日收集母乳喂养和安抚奶嘴使用的数据。使用具有稳健方差的泊松回归分析母乳喂养时间（以月为单位）与前牙开颌发生率之间的关联。
单因素分析显示母乳喂养对前牙开颌有保护作用（患病率比 [PR] 0.96；95%置信区间 [95%CI] 0.95-0.98）。在调整了出生至牙科评估日之间任何时间使用安抚奶嘴的情况后，这种效应仍然显著（PR0.98；95%CI；0.96-0.99），即母乳喂养每增加一个月，前牙开颌的发生率降低 2%。然而，当安抚奶嘴使用时间纳入多变量分析时，这种效应失去了显著性（PR1.00；95%CI；0.99-1.01）。
安抚奶嘴使用时间影响母乳喂养时间与前牙开颌发生率降低之间的关联。长时间使用安抚奶嘴可能会降低这种关联的强度。
