Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of São Paulo City, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2011 Apr;19(2):161-8. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000200013.
Nutritional, immunological and psychological benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life are unequivocally recognized. However, mothers should also be aware of the importance of breastfeeding for promoting adequate oral development. This study evaluated the association between breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns and the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition.
Infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking were investigated in a 3-6 year-old sample of 1,377 children, from São Paulo city, Brazil. Children were grouped according to breastfeeding duration: G1--non-breastfed, G2--shorter than 6 months, G3--interruption between 6 and 12 months, and G4--longer than 12 months. Three calibrated dentists performed clinical examinations and classified overbite into 3 categories: normal, anterior open bite and deep bite. Chi-square tests (p<0.05) with odds ratio (OR) calculation were used for intergroup comparisons. The impact of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking on the prevalence of anterior open bite was analyzed using binary logistic regression.
The prevalence estimates of anterior open bite were: 31.9% (G1), 26.1% (G2), 22.1% (G3), and 6.2% (G4). G1 would have significantly more chances of having anterior open bite compared with G4; in the total sample (OR=7.1) and in the subgroup without history of non-nutritive sucking (OR=9.3). Prolonging breastfeeding for 12 months was associated with a 3.7 times lower chance of having anterior open bite. In each year of persistence with non-nutritive sucking habits, the chance of developing this malocclusion increased in 2.38 times.
Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking durations demonstrated opposite effects on the prediction of anterior open bite. Non-breastfed children presented significantly greater chances of having anterior open bite compared with those who were breastfed for periods longer than 12 months, demonstrating the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on dental occlusion.
母乳喂养对生命头 6 个月的营养、免疫和心理益处是明确的。然而，母亲也应该意识到母乳喂养对促进充分的口腔发育的重要性。本研究评估了母乳喂养与非营养性吸吮模式之间的关系，以及原发性牙齿前开颌的患病率。
在巴西圣保罗市的一个 3-6 岁的样本中，对婴儿喂养和非营养性吸吮进行了调查。儿童根据母乳喂养时间分组：G1-未母乳喂养，G2-母乳喂养时间短于 6 个月，G3-母乳喂养中断时间在 6-12 个月之间，G4-母乳喂养时间长于 12 个月。三名经过校准的牙医进行了临床检查，并将覆盖分类为 3 个类别：正常、前开颌和深覆盖。使用卡方检验（p<0.05）和计算比值比（OR）进行组间比较。使用二元逻辑回归分析母乳喂养和非营养性吸吮对前开颌患病率的影响。
前开颌的患病率估计为：31.9%（G1）、26.1%（G2）、22.1%（G3）和 6.2%（G4）。G1 比 G4 更有可能出现前开颌；在总样本中（OR=7.1）和没有非营养性吸吮史的亚组中（OR=9.3）。延长母乳喂养 12 个月与前开颌的可能性降低 3.7 倍相关。在保持非营养性吸吮习惯的每一年中，发生这种错合畸形的几率增加 2.38 倍。
母乳喂养和非营养性吸吮时间对前开颌的预测有相反的影响。与母乳喂养时间超过 12 个月的儿童相比，未母乳喂养的儿童出现前开颌的几率明显更高，这表明母乳喂养对牙齿咬合有有益的影响。
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