Delooz Herman, Debacker Michel, Moens Guido, Johannik Kristien
Research Group on Disaster Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Eur J Emerg Med. 2007 Feb;14(1):25-31. doi: 10.1097/01.mej.0000224432.43999.87.
As part of the I SEE (Interactive Simulation Exercise for Emergencies) project, financially supported by the Leonardo da Vinci Programme 2000-2006 of the European Commission, a study was planned to assess the type of disaster and to establish the tasks to be included in an emergency exercise to be developed, according to the possible target groups, physicians, nurses, ambulance personnel, dispatchers and first responders. A secondary objective was a description of the actual computer-based training situation in the training centres. A study involving different actors or target groups has not yet been conducted.
A questionnaire was developed, validated and subsequently distributed to the training centres for the different target groups in the partner countries. Each partner had to contact and interview the person responsible for the training in disaster medicine in the training institution. Data entry and analysis was carried out using the SPSS software on Apple Macintosh. Apart from descriptive statistics of the variables, differences between groups were analysed using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
In 75 questionnaires out of a total of 206, the combination of a major road traffic accident and a chemical accident was indicated as the first choice (36.4%). These priorities were present for the different countries and all target groups. Concerning the medical procedures to be included in the training exercise, the highest priority was given to medical coordination, medical management on site, medical alert procedures, assessment of immediate needs, medical resources management, victim transport and protection and safety procedures. Only minor differences were noted between countries, different target groups and the institutions irrespective of whether they are involved in response in case of a major accident or disaster. With regard to the secondary objective, 27% of the institutions used computer-based training in disaster medicine and, of those not using computer-based training, 23% plan its use in the near future.
The European centres surveyed, put the emphasis for disaster medicine training on a mass casualty scenario. In accordance with this choice, prehospital aspects of medical care and management were considered as priorities for training. The I SEE project will develop a template and pilot exercise, serving all countries and providing team training. Among the institutions involved in the survey, a limited number will be invited to participate in the formative evaluation of the pilot exercise.
作为由欧盟委员会2000 - 2006年达芬奇计划资助的“我见证（紧急情况交互式模拟演练）”项目的一部分，计划开展一项研究，以评估灾害类型，并根据可能的目标群体（医生、护士、救护人员、调度员和第一响应者）确定拟开展的应急演练中应包含的任务。第二个目标是描述培训中心基于计算机的实际培训情况。尚未开展涉及不同行为者或目标群体的研究。
设计了一份问卷，进行了验证，随后分发给伙伴国家中针对不同目标群体的培训中心。每个伙伴都必须联系并采访培训机构中负责灾害医学培训的人员。使用苹果麦金塔电脑上的SPSS软件进行数据录入和分析。除了对变量进行描述性统计外，还使用方差分析和克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验分析组间差异。
在总共206份问卷中，75份问卷将重大道路交通事故和化学事故的组合列为首选（36.4%）。这些优先事项在不同国家和所有目标群体中都存在。关于培训演练中应包含的医疗程序，医疗协调、现场医疗管理、医疗警报程序、即时需求评估、医疗资源管理、受害者运输与保护以及安全程序被列为最高优先事项。国家、不同目标群体和机构之间仅存在细微差异，无论它们是否参与重大事故或灾难的应对。关于第二个目标，27%的机构使用基于计算机的灾害医学培训，在未使用基于计算机培训的机构中，23%计划在不久的将来使用。
接受调查的欧洲中心将灾害医学培训的重点放在大规模伤亡场景上。根据这一选择，医疗护理和管理的院前方面被视为培训的优先事项。“我见证”项目将开发一个模板和试点演练，供所有国家使用并提供团队培训。在参与调查的机构中，将邀请有限数量的机构参与试点演练的形成性评估。
