12个月大的婴儿会将更多神经资源分配给与成人负面情绪相关的刺激。
12-month-old infants allocate increased neural resources to stimuli associated with negative adult emotion.
作者信息
Carver Leslie J, Vaccaro Brenda G
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Program in Human Development, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0109, USA.
出版信息
Dev Psychol. 2007 Jan;43(1):54-69. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.1.54.
Young infants use caregivers' emotional expressions to guide their behavior in novel, ambiguous situations. This skill, known as social referencing, likely involves at least 3 separate abilities: (a) looking at an adult in an unfamiliar situation, (b) associating that adult's emotion with the novel situation, and (c) regulating their own emotions in response to the adult's emotional display. The authors measured each of these elements individually as well as how they related to each other. The results revealed that 12-month-olds allocated more attention, as indicated by event-related potential measures, to stimuli associated with negative adult emotion than to those associated with positive or neutral emotion. Infants' interaction with their caregiver was affected by adult emotional displays. In addition, how quickly infants referenced an adult predicted both their brain activity in response to pictures of stimuli associated with negative emotion as well as some aspects of their behavior regulation. The results are discussed with respect to their significance for understanding why infants reference and regulate their behavior in response to adult emotion. Suggestions for further research are provided.
幼儿利用照顾者的情感表达来指导他们在新奇、模糊情境中的行为。这种技能，即社会参照，可能至少涉及三种不同的能力：(a) 在不熟悉的情境中看向成年人；(b) 将该成年人的情绪与新奇情境联系起来；(c) 根据成年人的情绪表现调节自己的情绪。作者分别测量了这些要素中的每一个，以及它们之间的相互关系。结果显示，通过事件相关电位测量表明，12个月大的婴儿对与成年人负面情绪相关的刺激比对与正面或中性情绪相关的刺激分配了更多的注意力。婴儿与照顾者的互动受到成年人情绪表现的影响。此外，婴儿参照成年人的速度预测了他们对与负面情绪相关的刺激图片的大脑活动以及他们行为调节的某些方面。讨论了这些结果对于理解婴儿为何参照并根据成年人的情绪调节其行为的意义。还提供了进一步研究的建议。
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