Norton Michael I, Frost Jeana H, Ariely Dan
Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Jan;92(1):97-105. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.97.
The present research shows that although people believe that learning more about others leads to greater liking, more information about others leads, on average, to less liking. Thus, ambiguity--lacking information about another--leads to liking, whereas familiarity--acquiring more information--can breed contempt. This "less is more" effect is due to the cascading nature of dissimilarity: Once evidence of dissimilarity is encountered, subsequent information is more likely to be interpreted as further evidence of dissimilarity, leading to decreased liking. The authors document the negative relationship between knowledge and liking in laboratory studies and with pre- and postdate data from online daters, while showing the mediating role of dissimilarity.
目前的研究表明，尽管人们认为更多地了解他人会带来更多的喜爱，但平均而言，更多关于他人的信息反而会导致更少的喜爱。因此，模糊性——缺乏关于他人的信息——会导致喜爱，而熟悉度——获取更多信息——可能滋生轻蔑。这种“少即是多”的效应源于差异的级联性质：一旦遇到差异的证据，后续信息更有可能被解释为差异的进一步证据，从而导致喜爱度降低。作者在实验室研究以及在线约会者的约会前后数据中记录了了解程度与喜爱度之间的负相关关系，同时展示了差异的中介作用。
