Yang Chin Lung, Perfetti Charles A, Schmalhofer Franz
Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007 Jan;33(1):55-89. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.1.55.
An event-related potentials (ERPs) study examined word-to-text integration processes across sentence boundaries. In a two-sentence passage, the accessibility of a referent for the first content word of the second sentence (the target word) was varied by the wording of the first sentence in one of the following ways: lexically (explicitly using a form of the target word); conceptually (using a paraphrase of the target word), and situationally (encouraging an inference concerning the referent of the target word). A baseline condition had no coreference between the two sentences. ERP results on the target word indicated multiple effects related to word identification and word-to-referent mapping processes. Both the explicit and paraphrase conditions, but not the inference condition, showed a reduced N400 relative to the baseline condition, consistent with immediate integration by lexico-semantic processes. A 300-ms effect (P300) was found in the paraphrase condition. The results were consistent with an immediate integration hypothesis and furthermore differentiated a lexical (N200), a conceptual (P300), and a situational (N400) component for this integration. The conceptual basis appears not to extend to predictive inferences.
一项事件相关电位（ERP）研究考察了跨句子边界的词到文本整合过程。在一个两句话的段落中，第二句话的第一个内容词（目标词）所指对象的可及性通过第一句话的措辞以以下方式之一进行变化：词汇层面（明确使用目标词的一种形式）；概念层面（使用目标词的释义），以及情境层面（促使对目标词的所指对象进行推断）。一个基线条件是两句话之间没有共指关系。关于目标词的ERP结果表明了与单词识别和词到所指对象映射过程相关的多种效应。明确条件和释义条件相对于基线条件均显示出N400减小，而推断条件则未显示，这与词汇语义过程的即时整合一致。在释义条件中发现了一个300毫秒的效应（P300）。结果与即时整合假说一致，并且进一步区分了这种整合的一个词汇成分（N200）、一个概念成分（P300）和一个情境成分（N400）。概念基础似乎并不延伸至预测性推断。
