Wild Jennifer, Clark David M, Ehlers Anke, McManus Freda
Department of Psychology (PO77), Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;39(2):102-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.11.003. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
Cognitive models suggest that during social interactions, socially anxious individuals direct their attention to internal cues of arousal and use this information to erroneously infer how they appear to others. High (N=36) and low (N=36) socially anxious adults had a conversation with a stooge, and were led to believe by false feedback that they were experiencing either an increase or decrease in arousal, or evaluating the comfort level of the feedback equipment. Compared to the other groups, participants who believed their arousal had increased, reported greater anxiety, poorer perceived performance, more physical cues of anxiety, and greater underestimation of their performance and overestimation of the visibility of their anxiety. The effects were not specific to participants with high social anxiety. Observers rated the behaviour of participants who believed that their arousal had decreased most favourably. The results have implications for the treatment of social phobia.
认知模型表明，在社交互动过程中，社交焦虑个体将注意力导向自身的唤醒内部线索，并利用这些信息错误地推断自己在他人眼中的表现。高社交焦虑（N = 36）和低社交焦虑（N = 36）的成年人与一名假被试进行对话，并通过虚假反馈使他们相信自己正经历唤醒水平的增加或降低，或者正在评估反馈设备的舒适度。与其他组相比，那些认为自己唤醒水平增加的参与者报告了更高的焦虑、更低的自我感觉表现、更多焦虑的身体线索，以及对自己表现的更大低估和对自身焦虑可见度的高估。这些影响并非高社交焦虑参与者所特有。观察者对那些认为自己唤醒水平降低的参与者的行为评价最为积极。这些结果对社交恐惧症的治疗具有启示意义。
