Prata Ndola, Morris Leo, Mazive Elizio, Vahidnia Farnaz, Stehr Mark
Bixby Population Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2006 Dec;32(4):192-200. doi: 10.1363/3219206.
The relationship between individuals' perception of their risk for acquiring HIV and their use of condoms is poorly understood. Understanding this relationship is crucial to the development of effective strategies to fight HIV and AIDS.
Data from the Mozambique 2001 Adolescent and Young Adult Reproductive Health and Behavior Risk Survey are used to compare 15-24-year-olds' assessments of their HIV risk with assessments based on current and past sexual behavior. In bivariate and probit regression analyses, the relationship between correct risk assessment and the likelihood of condom use at last intercourse is examined.
Twenty-seven percent of women and 80% of men who considered themselves to have no risk or a small risk of contracting HIV were actually at moderate or high risk. For both men and women, the prevalence of condom use at last sex was more than twice as high among those who assessed their risk correctly (30% and 16%, respectively) as among those who did not (14% and 6%). Multivariate analysis showed that correct assessment was positively associated with condom use; the association was driven by use among never-married individuals. Never-married males who assessed their risk correctly were 18% more likely than other males to report condom use; never-married females, 17% more likely than other females.
Educational messages should aim at enabling individuals to correctly assess their own HIV risk and encouraging behavior change based on self-assessment of risk.
人们对自身感染艾滋病毒风险的认知与他们使用避孕套之间的关系尚不清楚。了解这种关系对于制定有效的艾滋病毒和艾滋病防治策略至关重要。
利用莫桑比克2001年青少年及青年生殖健康与行为风险调查的数据，比较15至24岁人群对自身艾滋病毒风险的评估与基于当前及过去性行为的评估。在双变量和概率回归分析中，研究正确风险评估与上次性交时使用避孕套可能性之间的关系。
认为自己感染艾滋病毒风险低或无风险的女性中，27%实际上处于中度或高风险；男性中这一比例为80%。对于男性和女性而言，正确评估自身风险者上次性行为时使用避孕套的比例（分别为30%和16%）是未正确评估者（分别为14%和6%）的两倍多。多变量分析表明，正确评估与使用避孕套呈正相关；这种关联由未婚者的使用情况驱动。正确评估自身风险的未婚男性报告使用避孕套的可能性比其他男性高18%；未婚女性比其他女性高17%。
教育信息应旨在使个人能够正确评估自身的艾滋病毒风险，并鼓励基于风险自我评估的行为改变。
