Feldman-Stewart Deb, Brundage Michael D, Zotov Vladimir
Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute and the Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Med Decis Making. 2007 Jan-Feb;27(1):34-43. doi: 10.1177/0272989X06297101.
To compare relative accuracy and relative response times (RTs) as well as impact of foreground and background colors in a treatment decision context of judging larger/smaller when the following elements are added to the graphics studied previously: 1) a number (the displayed percentage), 2) a referent scale, and 3) a number and a referent scale.
An experiment compared pie charts, vertical bars, horizontal bars, digits, systematic ovals, and random ovals. On each trial, participants saw 2 percentages (in 1 format) and were asked to choose the larger chance of survival or the smaller chance of side effects. Outcomes were errors and RT. Formats were either black and white or blue and yellow; background color was either white or blue. Participants were 216 volunteers from the community older than 50 years.
Formats with a number produced the same relative errors and relative RT as the formats with a number and scale. Formats with only a scale, however, shifted relative performance: Errors increased with more difficult formats (pie charts and random ovals by 3%-4% v. approximately 1% with other formats), but RT decreased with easier formats (vertical bars, horizontal bars, and systematic ovals decreased 100-200 ms v. an increase of 0-300 ms with other formats). Vertical bars with scales were the fastest and most accurately processed. Neither foreground nor background color had any impact on either outcome.
For supporting older people's judgments of relative extent, risk information is best presented using vertical bars with a scale; the format systematic ovals with a scale are among the next most easily processed.
在先前研究的图形中添加以下元素时，即在判断更大/更小时的治疗决策背景下，比较相对准确性、相对反应时间（RTs）以及前景色和背景色的影响：1）一个数字（显示的百分比），2）一个参考尺度，以及3）一个数字和一个参考尺度。
一项实验比较了饼图、垂直条、水平条、数字、系统椭圆和随机椭圆。在每次试验中，参与者看到两个百分比（以一种格式），并被要求选择更大的生存机会或更小的副作用机会。结果是错误率和反应时间。格式为黑白或蓝黄；背景色为白色或蓝色。参与者是216名年龄超过50岁的社区志愿者。
带有数字的格式产生的相对错误和相对反应时间与带有数字和尺度的格式相同。然而，仅带有尺度的格式改变了相对性能：随着格式难度增加错误率上升（饼图和随机椭圆增加3%-4%，而其他格式约为1%），但随着格式变得更容易反应时间下降（垂直条、水平条和系统椭圆下降100-200毫秒，而其他格式增加0-300毫秒）。带有尺度的垂直条处理速度最快且最准确。前景色和背景色对任何一个结果都没有影响。
为支持老年人对相对程度的判断，风险信息最好以带有尺度的垂直条形式呈现；带有尺度的系统椭圆格式是其次最容易处理的格式之一。
