Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan Medical University, Sanandaj, Iran.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Apr 3;5:18. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-18.
Physical activity (PA) rates decline precipitously during the high school years and are consistently lower among adolescent girls than adolescent boys. Due to cultural barriers, this problem might be exacerbated in female Iranian adolescents. However, little intervention research has been conducted to try to increase PA participation rates with this population. Because PA interventions in schools have the potential to reach many children and adolescents, this study reports on PA intervention research conducted in all-female Iranian high schools.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of two six-month tailored interventions on potential determinants of PA and PA behavior. Students (N = 161) were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: an intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion model (HP), an intervention based on an integration of the health promotion model and selected constructs from the Transtheoretical model (THP), and a control group (CON). Measures were administered prior to the intervention, at post-intervention and at a six-month follow-up.
Repeated measure ANOVAs showed a significant interaction between group and time for perceived benefits, self efficacy, interpersonal norms, social support, behavioral processes, and PA behavior, indicating that both intervention groups significantly improved across the 24-week intervention, whereas the control group did not. Participants in the THP group showed greater use of counter conditioning and stimulus control at post-intervention and at follow-up. While there were no significant differences in PA between the HP and CON groups at follow-up, a significant difference was still found between the THP and the CON group.
This study provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of a PA intervention based on Pender's HP model combined with selected aspects of the TTM on potential determinants to increase PA among Iranian high school girls.
在高中阶段，身体活动（PA）的参与率急剧下降，且青少年女孩的参与率始终低于青少年男孩。由于文化障碍，这个问题在伊朗少女中可能更加严重。然而，很少有干预研究试图通过这种方式来提高 PA 的参与率。由于学校中的 PA 干预有可能接触到许多儿童和青少年，因此本研究报告了在全是女生的伊朗高中中进行的 PA 干预研究。
本研究进行了一项随机对照试验，以检验两种为期六个月的量身定制干预措施对 PA 及 PA 行为潜在决定因素的影响。学生（N=161）被随机分配到以下三种条件之一：基于 Pender 健康促进模型（HP）的干预、基于健康促进模型与跨理论模型（THP）中选定构建的整合的干预，以及对照组（CON）。在干预前、干预后和六个月随访时进行了测量。
重复测量方差分析显示，组间和时间间存在显著交互作用，表明两个干预组在 24 周的干预过程中都有显著改善，而对照组则没有。在干预后和随访时，THP 组的参与者在感知益处、自我效能、人际规范、社会支持、行为过程和 PA 行为方面表现出了更大的运用对抗性条件反射和刺激控制的能力。虽然在随访时 HP 组和 CON 组之间的 PA 没有显著差异，但 THP 组和 CON 组之间仍然存在显著差异。
本研究首次提供了基于 Pender 的 HP 模型结合 TTM 中某些方面的 PA 干预对提高伊朗高中女生 PA 及其潜在决定因素的有效性证据。
