Wallace L S, Buckworth J, Kirby T E, Sherman W M
Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, USA.
Prev Med. 2000 Nov;31(5):494-505. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0736.
Young adulthood is characterized by a steep decline in the level of physical activity, but few theory-based studies have examined characteristics associated with regular exercise in this population. This study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Stages of Change Model (SCM) to determine personal, behavioral, and environmental characteristics associated with exercise behavior and intentions among undergraduate university students.
A random sample of 937 undergraduate students (mean age 22.0 +/- 5.6 years; 84.7% ages 17-24 years) enrolled at a large Midwestern university completed a mailed questionnaire. Valid and reliable instruments were used to measure personal, behavioral, and environmental variables based on the SCT that were hypothesized to influence stage of exercise behavior change. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to determine associations among these variables with stage of exercise behavior change.
Exercise self-efficacy, physical activity history, and nonexercise estimation of aerobic capacity were significant predictors of the stage of exercise behavior change for both males and females. Among females, exercise self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and family social support (P < 0. 001) for physical activity were the best predictors of stage of exercise behavior change. Friend social support (P < 0.001), physical activity history (P < 0.001), and exercise self-efficacy (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of stage of exercise behavior change among males.
The SCT framework predicted stage of exercise behavior change as defined by the SCM. Exercise self-efficacy was associated with exercise stage, but the source of significant social support (family versus friends) was different for males and females.
青年期的特点是身体活动水平急剧下降，但很少有基于理论的研究探讨该人群中与规律锻炼相关的特征。本研究应用社会认知理论（SCT）和行为改变阶段模型（SCM）来确定与本科大学生锻炼行为及意图相关的个人、行为和环境特征。
从一所大型中西部大学随机抽取937名本科生（平均年龄22.0±5.6岁；84.7%年龄在17 - 24岁），他们完成了一份邮寄问卷。使用有效且可靠的工具，根据假设会影响锻炼行为改变阶段的社会认知理论来测量个人、行为和环境变量。采用多变量判别分析来确定这些变量与锻炼行为改变阶段之间的关联。
锻炼自我效能感、身体活动史以及对有氧能力的非锻炼估计，是男性和女性锻炼行为改变阶段的显著预测因素。在女性中，锻炼自我效能感（P < 0.001）和家庭对身体活动的社会支持（P < 0.001）是锻炼行为改变阶段的最佳预测因素。朋友的社会支持（P < 0.001）、身体活动史（P < 0.001）和锻炼自我效能感（P < 0.001）是男性锻炼行为改变阶段的显著预测因素。
社会认知理论框架预测了行为改变阶段模型所定义的锻炼行为改变阶段。锻炼自我效能感与锻炼阶段相关，但重要社会支持的来源（家庭与朋友）在男性和女性中有所不同。
