Colvin Lyn, Payne Jan, Parsons Deborah, Kurinczuk Jennifer J, Bower Carol
Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Feb;31(2):276-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00303.x.
High alcohol intake in pregnancy has been linked to abnormal fetal development. There are limited published data in Australia on standard drinks of alcohol consumed on a typical occasion during the periconceptional period or pregnancy.
During 1995 to 1997, a 10% random sample of all nonindigenous women giving birth in Western Australia was surveyed 12 weeks after delivery (N=4,839). Women were asked questions about alcohol consumption in each of the 4 time periods: the 3 months before pregnancy and each trimester of pregnancy. Questions were framed to measure volume, frequency, and type of alcoholic beverage.
46.7% of the women had not planned their pregnancy. Most women (79.8%) reported drinking alcohol in the 3 months before pregnancy, with 58.7% drinking alcohol in at least 1 trimester of pregnancy. The proportion of women consuming 1 to 2 drinks on a typical occasion did not change much during pregnancy, but the number of occasions declined. Although the proportion of women consuming more than 2 standard drinks on a typical occasion declined after the first trimester, 19.0% of women consumed this amount in at least 1 trimester of pregnancy and 4.3% of women consumed 5 or more standard drinks on a typical occasion in at least 1 trimester of pregnancy. In the first trimester of pregnancy, 14.8% of women drank outside the current Australian guideline for alcohol consumption in pregnancy, decreasing to 10% in the second and third trimesters.
Women generally reduced their average alcohol consumption and the number of standard drinks on a typical occasion as their pregnancy progressed, although 10 to 14% were drinking outside current guidelines for pregnancy. It is important that all women of child-bearing age are aware, well before they consider pregnancy, of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy so they can make informed decisions about their alcohol consumption in pregnancy.
孕期大量饮酒与胎儿发育异常有关。在澳大利亚，关于围孕期或孕期典型场合饮用的标准酒精饮料量，公开数据有限。
1995年至1997年期间，对在西澳大利亚分娩的所有非土著妇女进行了10%的随机抽样调查，在产后12周进行（N = 4839）。询问妇女在四个时间段中每个时间段的饮酒情况：怀孕前3个月以及孕期的每个 trimester（原文此处可能有误，应为“孕期的每个阶段”，这里按照trimester直译为“孕中期”，不太符合逻辑）。问题旨在测量酒精饮料的饮用量、饮用频率和类型。
46.7%的妇女未计划怀孕。大多数妇女（79.8%）报告在怀孕前3个月饮酒，58.7%的妇女在孕期至少一个阶段饮酒。孕期典型场合饮用1至2杯酒的妇女比例变化不大，但饮用次数有所减少。尽管在孕早期后，典型场合饮用超过2杯标准酒的妇女比例有所下降，但19.0%的妇女在孕期至少一个阶段饮用此量，4.3%的妇女在孕期至少一个阶段典型场合饮用5杯或更多标准酒。在孕期第一个阶段，14.8%的妇女饮酒量超出当前澳大利亚孕期饮酒指南，在第二和第三阶段降至10%。
随着孕期进展，妇女通常会减少平均饮酒量和典型场合的标准饮酒杯数，尽管10%至14%的妇女饮酒量超出当前孕期指南。所有育龄妇女在考虑怀孕之前就应了解孕期饮酒的风险，以便她们能够就孕期饮酒做出明智的决定，这一点很重要。
