Colebatch James G
Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mov Disord. 2007 Apr 15;22(5):601-10. doi: 10.1002/mds.21323.
The existence of a slow negative wave, the Bereitschaftspotential ("BP"), preceding voluntary movement by 1 second or more was first reported more than 40 years ago. There appears to be considerable interindividual differences, but there is general agreement that the initial negativity actually consists of two distinct phases. Uncertainty remains about many other properties and features of the response, including nomenclature, which makes the existing literature difficult to synthesize. The duration of the premovement negativity raises questions about how and when voluntary movement is initiated. Premovement negativities can also be seen before (predictably) externally paced movement, and these have similarities to the BP. Although lateralized generators exist, it is likely that the majority of the early component of the BP (BP1 or early BP), arises from the anterior supplementary motor area (SMA) and more rostral pre-SMA. The late phase of the BP (BP2 or late BP) is probably generated by activity in both the SMA proper and the contralateral motor cortex. Changes in the BP occur in several movement disorders, notably Parkinson's disease, in which the pattern is consistent with a failure of pre-SMA activation. The presence (or absence) of a clear preceding negativity can also have diagnostic importance for certain movement disorders.
40多年前首次报道，在自主运动前1秒或更长时间存在一种缓慢的负波，即 Bereitschaftspotential（“BP”）。个体间似乎存在相当大的差异，但人们普遍认为，最初的负性实际上由两个不同的阶段组成。关于该反应的许多其他特性和特征，包括命名法，仍存在不确定性，这使得现有文献难以综合。运动前负性的持续时间引发了关于自主运动如何启动以及何时启动的问题。在（可预测的）外部节奏运动之前也可以看到运动前负性，并且这些与BP相似。尽管存在侧化发生器，但BP的早期成分（BP1或早期BP）的大部分可能起源于前辅助运动区（SMA）和更靠前的前SMA。BP的晚期阶段（BP2或晚期BP）可能由SMA本身和对侧运动皮层的活动产生。BP的变化出现在几种运动障碍中，尤其是帕金森病，其中的模式与前SMA激活失败一致。对于某些运动障碍，是否存在明显的先前负性也可能具有诊断意义。
