Noweir M B, Osman H A, Abbas F I, Abou-Taleb A M, Mansour T A
Occupational Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 1993;68(3-4):443-67.
The studied population (1000 children and young workers and 250 controls) were interviewed for health complaints and subjected to extensive medical investigations. Health problems are more encountered among the workers than in the controls, which has been attributed to the impact of work on health and to the low socioeconomic background that compels the children to work, which may constitute a potential health problem from the start. The significant health problems include: a) Respiratory system complaints, attacks of cough, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and reduction in FEV1.0/FVC; b) cardiovascular abnormalities including palpitations, sinus tachycardia, anemia, vertigo and syncope; c) gastrointestinal abnormalities including dyspepsia and parasitic infestations; d) neuropsychiatric complaints; and e) other health problems including urinary tract infections, backache, visual impairment, repair of hernia and nocturnal enuresis. The study has been concluded by recommending the use of primary health care approach to child labour, emphasizing the importance of pre-employment and periodical medical examinations for protecting this vulnerable group from work hazards, and expanding the efforts of family planning to reduce family size.
对研究人群（1000名儿童和青年工人以及250名对照者）进行了关于健康问题的访谈，并对他们进行了全面的医学检查。与对照组相比，工人中出现健康问题的情况更多，这归因于工作对健康的影响以及迫使儿童工作的低社会经济背景，而这从一开始就可能构成潜在的健康问题。主要的健康问题包括：a）呼吸系统问题，如咳嗽发作、慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘以及第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1.0）/用力肺活量（FVC）降低；b）心血管异常，包括心悸、窦性心动过速、贫血、眩晕和晕厥；c）胃肠道异常，包括消化不良和寄生虫感染；d）神经精神方面的问题；以及e）其他健康问题，包括尿路感染、背痛、视力障碍、疝气修补和夜间遗尿。该研究最后建议采用初级卫生保健方法来应对童工问题，强调就业前和定期医学检查对于保护这一弱势群体免受工作危害的重要性，并加大计划生育力度以减少家庭规模。
