Ford K, Hoyer P, Weglicki L, Kershaw T, Schram C, Jacobson M
K athleen F ord is a Research Scientist in the Department of Epidemiology in the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
J Perinat Educ. 2001 Spring;10(2):15-22. doi: 10.1624/105812401X88156.
The objective of this study was to examine changes in self-concept and self-efficacy during the childbearing year among adolescent mothers (defined as young mothers up to age 20) who were involved in a behavioral intervention. Subjects included a sample of 282 urban, pregnant adolescents (94% African American, 4% white, 2% other). The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) was used to measure self-concept. A scale to measure the self-efficacy of the adolescent mother during the childbearing year was developed and evaluated. Questionnaires were administered during intake for prenatal care and in the postpartum period. In the larger study, the intervention was a peer-centered, mastery modeling intervention designed to increase self-efficacy, improve self-concept, and improve long- and short-term perinatal outcomes. The results in this portion of the data showed that self-concept increased significantly for young women in the experimental group but did not change significantly for young women in the control group. Changes were noted in the TSCS for overall self-concept as well as for several subscores, including identity, self-satisfaction, behavior, the personal self, the family self, and the social self. However, differences between groups did not reach significance once age, parity, site, and time were accounted for, except on TSCS subscales of identity and personal self. Between intake for prenatal care and postpartum, self-efficacy changed significantly for both the experimental and the control groups. Both groups increased in self-efficacy for labor and delivery and decreased in self-efficacy for infant care. In this group of mostly African American teens, peer support and small group care demonstrated positive effects on self-concept. Professional and peer interactions were equally associated in intervention and nonintervention groups with regard to self-efficacy.
本研究的目的是调查参与行为干预的青少年母亲（定义为20岁及以下的年轻母亲）在生育期间自我概念和自我效能的变化。研究对象包括282名城市怀孕青少年样本（94%为非裔美国人，4%为白人，2%为其他种族）。使用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）来测量自我概念。开发并评估了一个用于测量青少年母亲在生育期间自我效能的量表。在产前护理登记时和产后期间发放问卷。在规模更大的研究中，干预措施是以同伴为中心的掌握式示范干预，旨在提高自我效能、改善自我概念以及改善围产期的短期和长期结局。这部分数据的结果显示，实验组年轻女性的自我概念显著提高，而对照组年轻女性的自我概念没有显著变化。在TSCS中，整体自我概念以及包括身份认同、自我满意度、行为、个人自我、家庭自我和社会自我在内的几个子分数都有变化。然而，在考虑年龄、产次、地点和时间因素后，两组之间的差异没有达到显著水平，除了在身份认同和个人自我的TSCS子量表上。在产前护理登记到产后期间，实验组和对照组的自我效能都有显著变化。两组在分娩方面的自我效能都有所提高，而在婴儿护理方面的自我效能都有所下降。在这组主要为非裔美国青少年中，同伴支持和小组护理对自我概念显示出积极影响。在自我效能方面，干预组和非干预组的专业人员与同伴互动的关联程度相同。
