Palíková Miroslava, Krejcí Roman, Hilscherová Klára, Babica Pavel, Navrátil Stanislav, Kopp Radovan, Bláha Ludek
Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Aquat Toxicol. 2007 Mar 10;81(3):312-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.01.001. Epub 2007 Jan 14.
While numerous studies focused on the effects of microcystins, the role of other components of complex cyanobacterial water blooms in toxicity is poorly understood. In this study we have evaluated effects of various fractions of cyanobacterial biomass with different composition and microcystin content on embryolarval development of carp (Cyprinus carpio). The following samples (fractions) of four natural water blooms were prepared and tested: complex cyanobacterial biomass, crude aqueous extract of biomass, cellular pellet remaining from aqueous extract, permeate (i.e. microcystin-free fraction prepared during C-18 solid-phase extraction; SPE), and eluate (i.e. fraction prepared by SPE containing mostly microcystins). Complex biomass and the crude aqueous extract (regardless of microcystin content and/or microcystin variants present) in the sample were the most toxic. On the other hand, eluate fractions of all samples containing microcystins in concentrations 8-255 microgL(-1) induced no or only weak toxic effects. Exposures of fish to permeate fractions (with removed microcystins) of two samples dominated by Aphanizomenon sp. and Planktothrix sp. resulted in significant mortality, while other two samples dominated by Microcystis spp. induced minor effects. We have also observed significant inhibition of glutathione S-transferases (GST) at most fractions of the Aphanizomenon sp. and Planktothrix sp. dominated samples. Our data indicate that cyanobacterial water blooms as well complex biomass extracts induce significant embryolarval toxicity in common carp. However, these effects were independent of microcystin content, and the most pronounced effects were observed with the non-Microcystis dominated samples. Therefore, a critical examination of microcystin role in overall ecotoxicology of complex cyanobacterial blooms is needed.
虽然众多研究聚焦于微囊藻毒素的影响，但对于复杂蓝藻水华的其他成分在毒性方面所起的作用却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们评估了具有不同组成和微囊藻毒素含量的蓝藻生物量的各个组分对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）胚胎幼虫发育的影响。制备并测试了来自四次自然水华的以下样品（组分）：复杂蓝藻生物量、生物量的粗水提取物、水提取物剩余的细胞沉淀、渗透液（即C - 18固相萃取过程中制备的无微囊藻毒素组分；SPE）以及洗脱液（即通过SPE制备的主要含有微囊藻毒素的组分）。样品中的复杂生物量和粗水提取物（无论微囊藻毒素含量和/或存在的微囊藻毒素变体如何）毒性最强。另一方面，所有样品中微囊藻毒素浓度为8 - 255 μg L⁻¹的洗脱液组分未诱导或仅诱导微弱的毒性作用。将鱼暴露于以束丝藻属（Aphanizomenon sp.）和席藻属（Planktothrix sp.）为主的两个样品的渗透液组分（去除了微囊藻毒素）中导致了显著的死亡率，而以微囊藻属（Microcystis spp.）为主的另外两个样品诱导的影响较小。我们还观察到，在以束丝藻属和席藻属为主的样品的大多数组分中，谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶（GST）受到了显著抑制。我们的数据表明，蓝藻水华以及复杂生物量提取物会对鲤鱼胚胎幼虫产生显著的毒性。然而，这些影响与微囊藻毒素含量无关，并且在非微囊藻属为主的样品中观察到的影响最为明显。因此，需要对微囊藻毒素在复杂蓝藻水华整体生态毒理学中的作用进行批判性审视。
