Cherner M, Suarez P, Lazzaretto D, Fortuny L Artiola I, Mindt Monica Rivera, Dawes S, Marcotte Thomas, Grant I, Heaton R
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, San Diego, CA92103, USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2007 Mar;22(3):343-53. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2007.01.009. Epub 2007 Feb 12.
The large number of primary Spanish speakers both in the United States and the world makes it imperative that appropriate neuropsychological assessment instruments be available to serve the needs of these populations. In this article we describe the norming process for Spanish speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region on the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised. We computed the rates of impairment that would be obtained by applying the original published norms for these tests to raw scores from the normative sample, and found substantial overestimates compared to expected rates. As expected, these overestimates were most salient at the lowest levels of education, given the under-representation of poorly educated subjects in the original normative samples. Results suggest that demographically corrected norms derived from healthy Spanish-speaking adults with a broad range of education, are less likely to result in diagnostic errors. At minimum, demographic corrections for the tests in question should include the influence of literacy or education, in addition to the traditional adjustments for age. Because the age range of our sample was limited, the norms presented should not be applied to elderly populations.
在美国和世界范围内,以西班牙语为母语的人数众多,因此必须提供合适的神经心理学评估工具,以满足这些人群的需求。在本文中,我们描述了来自美墨边境地区的西班牙语使用者在修订版简短视觉空间记忆测试和修订版霍普金斯言语学习测试上的常模制定过程。我们计算了将这些测试最初公布的常模应用于常模样本原始分数时所得到的损伤率,发现与预期率相比存在大幅高估。正如预期的那样,鉴于原始常模样本中受教育程度低的受试者代表性不足,这些高估在最低教育水平上最为明显。结果表明,从具有广泛教育背景的健康西班牙语成年人群体中得出的经人口统计学校正的常模,不太可能导致诊断错误。至少,对于相关测试的人口统计学校正除了传统的年龄调整外,还应包括识字率或教育程度的影响。由于我们样本的年龄范围有限,所呈现的常模不应应用于老年人群体。