Kopco Norbert, Best Virginia, Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G
Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Jan;121(1):420-32. doi: 10.1121/1.2390677.
Experiments explored how a distractor coming from a known location influences the localization of a subsequent sound, both in a classroom and in an anechoic chamber. Listeners localized a target click preceded by a distractor click coming from a location fixed throughout a run of trials (either frontal or lateral). The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between distractor and target was relatively long (25-400 ms); control trials presented the target alone. The distractor induced bias and variability in target localization responses even at the longest SOA, with the specific pattern of effects differing between the two rooms. Furthermore, the presence of the distractor caused target responses to be displaced away from the distractor location in that run, even on trials with no distractor. This contextual bias built up anew in each run, over the course of minutes. The different effects illustrate that (a) sound localization is a dynamic process that depends on both the context and on the level of reverberation in the environment, and (b) interactions between sequential sound sources occur on time scales from hundreds of milliseconds to as long as minutes.
实验探究了来自已知位置的干扰声如何影响后续声音在教室和消声室中的定位。在一系列试验中，听众对一个目标咔哒声进行定位，该目标咔哒声之前有一个来自固定位置（正面或侧面）的干扰咔哒声。干扰声和目标声之间的刺激起始异步（SOA）相对较长（25 - 400毫秒）；对照试验只呈现目标声。即使在最长的SOA时，干扰声仍会在目标定位反应中引起偏差和变异性，两个房间的具体效应模式有所不同。此外，干扰声的存在导致目标反应在该系列试验中从干扰声位置移开，即使在没有干扰声的试验中也是如此。这种情境偏差在每次系列试验中，在几分钟的过程中会重新形成。不同的效应表明：（a）声音定位是一个动态过程，它取决于环境背景和混响水平；（b）连续声源之间的相互作用发生在从数百毫秒到长达数分钟的时间尺度上。
