Ericsson K Anders, Whyte James, Ward Paul
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2007 Jan-Mar;30(1):E58-71. doi: 10.1097/00012272-200701000-00014.
Traditionally, studies on expertise have used social criteria to identify highly respected and experienced individuals and examined how these experts differ from less-experienced individuals. Our article reviews research on nursing expertise during the last decades from the perspective of the expert-performance approach, which focuses on reproducibly superior performance in everyday life. Our review proposes explanations for repeated failures to find reliably superior performance for nurses with longer professional experience. The article concludes with an outline of how the expert-performance approach can be applied to the study of nursing expertise where the focus is on measurement and analysis of superior nursing performance.
传统上，关于专业技能的研究一直使用社会标准来识别备受尊敬且经验丰富的个体，并探究这些专家与经验较少的个体有何不同。我们的文章从专家表现方法的角度回顾了过去几十年里关于护理专业技能的研究，该方法侧重于在日常生活中可重复的卓越表现。我们的综述对为何反复未能发现具有更长专业经验的护士有可靠的卓越表现提出了解释。文章最后概述了专家表现方法如何应用于护理专业技能的研究，其中重点是对卓越护理表现的测量和分析。
