Bergman K, Hellenäs K E
Toxicology Division, National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden.
Cancer Lett. 1992 Jan 10;61(2):165-70. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(92)90175-u.
Consumption of false morel (Gyromitra esculenta Fr.) has been associated not only with acute poisoning, but also with a carcinogenic risk. The hydrolysis of acetaldehyde-N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone (gyromitrin, the main toxic component of false morel) results in the formation of the methylating agents N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH) and N-methylhydrazine (MMH) (by further hydrolysis of MFH). This study reports traces of N-7-methylguanine (N7MeGu) in liver DNA from mice and a rat treated with gyromitrin. After repeated administration of MMH, N7MeGu was identified in rat liver DNA. In mice exposed to MMH according to a dosing scheme identical to that reported to induce tumours in this species, O6-methylguanine was present in liver and kidney DNA. The results indicate that a relatively low carcinogenic risk is associated with false morel consumption. The risk may be greater in individuals with a decreased detoxification rate (acetylation) of MFH, in whom larger amounts of MMH are formed from gyromitrin.
食用鹿花菌（Gyromitra esculenta Fr.）不仅与急性中毒有关，还与致癌风险相关。乙醛-N-甲基-N-甲酰腙（鹿花菌素，鹿花菌的主要有毒成分）水解会生成甲基化剂N-甲基-N-甲酰肼（MFH）和N-甲基肼（MMH）（MFH进一步水解）。本研究报告了用鹿花菌素处理的小鼠和大鼠肝脏DNA中痕量的N-7-甲基鸟嘌呤（N7MeGu）。重复给予MMH后，在大鼠肝脏DNA中鉴定出N7MeGu。按照据报道能在该物种中诱导肿瘤的给药方案使小鼠暴露于MMH后，肝脏和肾脏DNA中出现了O6-甲基鸟嘌呤。结果表明，食用鹿花菌会带来相对较低的致癌风险。对于MFH解毒率（乙酰化）降低的个体，这种风险可能更大，因为这些个体中会从鹿花菌素生成更多量的MMH。
