Goldstein Gretchen L, Daun Henryk, Tepper Beverly J
Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-0231, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2007 Apr 23;90(5):809-17. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.004. Epub 2007 Jan 18.
Genetic taste blindness to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) may be a marker for increased energy intake and body weight. This hypothesis has not been tested in pre-adolescent children. This study determined if non-taster children would report higher energy intakes and maintain higher body weights than taster children. Maternal variables which are known to influence food intake and body weight during childhood were also considered including maternal weight, maternal restraint and disinhibition and child feeding practices. Sixty-five children with a mean age of 9.0+/-0.2 years participated. They completed a 3-day diet recall for the estimation of daily energy and macronutrient intakes. BMI (mothers) and BMI%-for-age (children) were calculated from measured heights and weights. Non-taster children reported higher daily energy intakes than super-taster children (p < or = 0.05), but no differences in macronutrient selection were observed. Also, children of disinhibited mothers reported higher daily energy intakes than children of mothers who were not disinhibited (p < or = 0.05). However, these variables did not predict children's body weight. Rather, regression modeling (R2 = 0.59; p < or = 0.0001) revealed that restriction, concern for child weight and maternal BMI were positive predictors of children's BMI%-for-age and pressure to eat was a strong negative predictor (p-value range = 0.02-0.004). PROP status was not a predictor of body weight in these children. These results suggest that in pre-adolescent children, current energy intakes were negatively related to children's PROP status and positively related to maternal disinhibition. However, BMI%-for-age, a measure of long-term energy balance, was related to child feeding practices and maternal BMI.
对6-正丙基硫氧嘧啶（PROP）苦味的遗传性味觉失敏可能是能量摄入增加和体重上升的一个标志。这一假说尚未在青春期前儿童中得到验证。本研究旨在确定与味觉敏感儿童相比，味觉不敏感的儿童是否会摄入更多能量并维持更高体重。研究还考虑了已知会影响儿童期食物摄入和体重的母体变量，包括母体体重、母体的饮食克制与去抑制以及儿童喂养方式。65名平均年龄为9.0±0.2岁的儿童参与了研究。他们完成了一份为期3天的饮食回顾，以估算每日能量和常量营养素摄入量。根据测量的身高和体重计算出BMI（母亲）和年龄别BMI%（儿童）。味觉不敏感的儿童报告的每日能量摄入量高于味觉超敏感的儿童（p≤0.05），但在常量营养素选择上未观察到差异。此外，母亲饮食无节制的儿童报告的每日能量摄入量高于母亲饮食有节制的儿童（p≤0.05）。然而，这些变量并不能预测儿童的体重。相反，回归模型（R2 = 0.59；p≤0.0001）显示，限制饮食、对儿童体重的关注和母体BMI是儿童年龄别BMI%的正向预测因子，而进食压力是一个很强的负向预测因子（p值范围 = 0.02 - 0.004）。PROP状态并非这些儿童体重的预测因子。这些结果表明，在青春期前儿童中，当前能量摄入量与儿童的PROP状态呈负相关，与母体饮食去抑制呈正相关。然而，年龄别BMI%作为长期能量平衡的一个指标，与儿童喂养方式和母体BMI有关。
