Gheytanchi Anahita, Joseph Lisa, Gierlach Elaine, Kimpara Satoko, Housley Jennifer, Franco Zeno E, Beutler Larry E
Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
Am Psychol. 2007 Feb-Mar;62(2):118-30. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.118.
This comprehensive analysis addresses the United States' alarming lack of preparedness to respond effectively to a massive disaster as evidenced by Hurricane Katrina. First, a timeline of problematic response events during and after Hurricane Katrina orients readers to some of the specific problems encountered at different levels of government. Second, a list of the "Dirty Dozen"--12 major failures that have occurred in prior disasters, which also contributed to inadequate response during and after Hurricane Katrina--is presented. Third, this article encourages expanding psychology's role beyond the treatment of trauma to encompass disaster planning and mitigation efforts from a broader public health perspective. Finally, areas for important interdisciplinary research in human behavior that will influence our nation's overall preparedness for future catastrophes are identified, and ways psychologists can become personally involved beyond treating casualties are discussed.
这项全面分析探讨了美国应对大规模灾难时令人震惊的准备不足问题，卡特里娜飓风就是明证。首先，卡特里娜飓风期间及过后有问题的应对事件时间表，让读者了解到不同政府层面遇到的一些具体问题。其次，列出了“十二宗罪”——先前灾难中发生的12个重大失误，这些失误也导致了卡特里娜飓风期间及过后应对不力。第三，本文鼓励将心理学的作用从创伤治疗扩展到从更广泛的公共卫生角度进行灾难规划和减灾工作。最后，确定了影响我国未来应对灾难总体准备的人类行为重要跨学科研究领域，并讨论了心理学家除治疗伤亡人员外可亲自参与的方式。
