Andriole Dorothy A, Jeffe Donna B, Schechtman Kenneth B
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
J Am Coll Surg. 2007 Mar;204(3):469-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.12.035.
We sought to determine the extent to which recent increases in levels of gender and racial diversity in the overall resident-physician workforce were evident among core-surgical specialty resident workforces.
Chi-square tests for trend assessed the importance of changes from 1996 to 2004 in proportions of women and African Americans in the surgery-resident workforce. Surgery-resident trends were compared with overall resident workforce trends using two-tailed t-tests to compare regression slopes that quantified rates of change over time. Chi-square tests assessed differences between proportions of women and African Americans in the current overall board-certified workforce and their proportions in the surgery board-certified workforce.
From 1996 to 2004, proportions of women increased in all seven surgical specialties studied. Compared with the overall trend toward increasing proportions of women in the resident workforce, the trend in one surgical specialty was larger (obstetrics/gynecology, p < 0.01), four were similar (each p > 0.05), and two were smaller (each p < 0.001). Proportions of African Americans increased in four specialties. Compared with the overall trend, trends in two specialties were larger (obstetrics/gynecology and neurologic surgery, each p < 0.01) and two were similar (each p > 0.05). Proportions of African Americans decreased in three specialties (each p < 0.01). Proportions of women and African Americans in every board-certified specialty workforce, except obstetrics/gynecology, remained lower than in the overall board-certified workforce (each p < 0.01).
Many demographic disparities between the surgery-resident and overall-resident workforces have persisted since 1996 and will likely perpetuate ongoing surgery board-certified workforce disparities.
我们试图确定在住院医师总体劳动力中近期性别和种族多样性水平的增长在核心外科专科住院医师劳动力中体现的程度。
趋势卡方检验评估了1996年至2004年外科住院医师劳动力中女性和非裔美国人比例变化的重要性。使用双尾t检验将外科住院医师趋势与总体住院医师劳动力趋势进行比较，以比较量化随时间变化率的回归斜率。卡方检验评估了当前总体获得委员会认证的劳动力中女性和非裔美国人的比例与外科获得委员会认证的劳动力中相应比例之间的差异。
1996年至2004年，在所研究的七个外科专科中，女性比例均有所增加。与住院医师劳动力中女性比例增加的总体趋势相比，一个外科专科的趋势更大（妇产科，p < 0.01），四个相似（每个p > 0.05），两个较小（每个p < 0.001）。四个专科中非裔美国人的比例有所增加。与总体趋势相比，两个专科的趋势更大（妇产科和神经外科，每个p < 0.01），两个相似（每个p > 0.05）。三个专科中非裔美国人的比例下降（每个p < 0.01）。除妇产科外，每个获得委员会认证的专科劳动力中女性和非裔美国人的比例仍低于总体获得委员会认证的劳动力（每个p < 0.01）。
自1996年以来，外科住院医师与总体住院医师劳动力之间的许多人口统计学差异一直存在，并且可能会使当前外科获得委员会认证的劳动力差异长期存在。
