Silvestre Jason, Serletti Joseph M, Chang Benjamin
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Surg Educ. 2017 Jan-Feb;74(1):117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.07.014.
Increased diversity of U.S. physicians can improve patient communication and mitigate health disparities for racial minorities. This study analyzes trends in racial and ethnic diversity of plastic surgery residents.
Demographic data of surgical residents, medical students, and integrated plastic surgery residency applicants were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Data for college students and the general population were obtained from the U.S. Census for comparison with plastic surgery. Interspecialty differences and temporal trends in racial composition were analyzed with chi-square tests.
From 1995 to 2014, Asian and Hispanic plastic surgery residents increased nearly 3-fold (7.4%-21.7%, p < 0.001) and 2-fold (4.6%-7.9%, p < 0.001), respectively. African American plastic surgery residents did not increase significantly (3.0%-3.5%, p = 0.129). Relative to the U.S. population, Hispanics (range: 0.1-0.5-fold) and African Americans (range: 0.1-0.4-fold) were underrepresented, whereas Asians (range: 2.2-5.3-fold) were overrepresented in plastic surgery. A "bottleneck" existed in the pipeline of African American and Hispanic plastic surgery residents. Significant differences in racial composition existed between plastic surgery and other surgical disciplines, which varied over time. The percentage of Hispanic (10.6% vs 7.0%, p = 0.402) and African American (6.4% vs 2.1%, p < 0.001) plastic surgery residency applicants exceeded those in residency.
Hispanics and African Americans are underrepresented in plastic surgery residency relative to whites and Asians. This study underscores the need for greater initiatives to increase diversity in plastic surgery residency.
美国医生多样性的增加有助于改善医患沟通，并减轻少数族裔的健康差距。本研究分析了整形外科住院医师的种族和民族多样性趋势。
从美国医学院协会获取外科住院医师、医学生和综合整形外科住院医师申请人的人口统计学数据。大学生和普通人群的数据来自美国人口普查，用于与整形外科进行比较。采用卡方检验分析种族构成的专业间差异和时间趋势。
1995年至2014年，亚裔和西班牙裔整形外科住院医师分别增加了近3倍（从7.4%增至21.7%，p<0.001）和2倍（从4.6%增至7.9%，p<0.001）。非裔美国整形外科住院医师没有显著增加（从3.0%增至3.5%，p=0.129）。相对于美国人口，西班牙裔（范围：0.1至0.5倍）和非裔美国人（范围：0.1至0.4倍）在整形外科中的占比不足，而亚裔（范围：2.2至5.3倍）在整形外科中的占比过高。非裔美国人和西班牙裔整形外科住院医师的培养过程中存在“瓶颈”。整形外科与其他外科专业在种族构成上存在显著差异，且随时间变化。西班牙裔（10.6%对7.0%，p=0.402）和非裔美国（6.4%对2.1%，p<0.001）整形外科住院医师申请人的比例超过了住院医师中的比例。
相对于白人和亚裔，西班牙裔和非裔美国人在整形外科住院医师中的占比不足。本研究强调需要采取更多举措来增加整形外科住院医师的多样性。
