Kumpfer Karol L, Fowler Melissa A
Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007 Apr;12(2):134-42. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.01.003. Epub 2007 Feb 26.
Children born to drug-using mothers can suffer from fetal alcohol or drug syndrome (FAS/FDS) or fetal alcohol or drug effect (FAE/FDE). Such children have a greater likelihood of developing acute or chronic physical, cognitive and behavioral problems. In-utero exposure to tobacco, alcohol or drugs impact on the developing fetus and, after birth, the family environment and family system exert effects on the infants and children of substance-abusing parents. Evidence-based prevention and maternal drug treatment programs focus on enhancing parental childcaring abilities, supporting parent-child attachment and encouraging family support systems to improve children's health and cognitive outcomes. FAS/FDS prevention programs, as well as selective and indicated prenatal and postnatal interventions, can improve the support given both to mother and to child, and evidence-based, in-home parenting and family-skills-training approaches are particularly useful.
吸毒母亲所生的孩子可能会患上胎儿酒精或药物综合征（FAS/FDS）或胎儿酒精或药物影响（FAE/FDE）。这类儿童出现急性或慢性身体、认知和行为问题的可能性更大。子宫内接触烟草、酒精或药物会影响发育中的胎儿，出生后，家庭环境和家庭系统会对滥用药物父母的婴幼儿产生影响。基于证据的预防和孕产妇药物治疗项目侧重于提高父母的育儿能力、支持亲子依恋关系并鼓励家庭支持系统，以改善儿童的健康状况和认知结果。FAS/FDS预防项目以及有针对性的产前和产后干预措施，可以改善对母亲和孩子的支持，基于证据的家庭育儿和家庭技能培训方法尤其有用。
