Noll J D, Bugarski A D, Patts L D, Mischler S E, McWilliams L
DHHS, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Feb 1;41(3):710-6. doi: 10.1021/es061556a.
Elemental carbon (EC) is currently used as a surrogate for diesel particulate matter (DPM) in underground mines since it can be accurately measured at low concentrations and diesels are the only source of submicrometer EC in underground mines. A disadvantage of using EC as a surrogate for DPM is that the fraction of EC in DPM is a function of various engine parameters and fuel formulations, etc. In order to evaluate how EC predicts DPM in the underground mining atmosphere, measurements of total carbon (TC; representing over 80% of the DPM) and EC were taken away from potential interferences in four underground metal/non-metal mines during actual production. In a controlled atmosphere, DPM mass, TC, and EC measurements were also collected while several different types of vehicles simulated production with and without different types of control technologies. When diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were not used, both studies showed that EC could be used to predict DPM mass or TC. The variability of the data started to increase at TC concentrations below 230 microg/m3 and was high (> +/- 20%) at TC concentrations below 160 microg/m3, probably due to the problem with sampling organic carbon (OC) at these concentrations. It was also discovered that when certain DPFs were used, the relationship between DPM and EC changed at lower DPM concentrations.
元素碳（EC）目前在地下矿井中用作柴油颗粒物（DPM）的替代物，因为它在低浓度下能够被准确测量，并且柴油是地下矿井中亚微米级EC的唯一来源。将EC用作DPM替代物的一个缺点是，DPM中EC的比例是各种发动机参数和燃料配方等的函数。为了评估EC如何预测地下采矿环境中的DPM，在实际生产期间，在四个地下金属/非金属矿井中，在远离潜在干扰的情况下对总碳（TC；占DPM的80%以上）和EC进行了测量。在可控环境中，还收集了DPM质量、TC和EC的测量数据，同时几种不同类型的车辆在使用和不使用不同类型控制技术的情况下模拟生产。当不使用柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）时，两项研究均表明EC可用于预测DPM质量或TC。在TC浓度低于230微克/立方米时，数据的变异性开始增加，而在TC浓度低于160微克/立方米时变异性很高（>±20%），这可能是由于在这些浓度下采集有机碳（OC）存在问题。研究还发现，当使用某些DPF时，在较低的DPM浓度下，DPM与EC之间的关系发生了变化。
