Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Community and Environmental Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2018 Mar 12;62(3):339-350. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxx111.
We investigated the viability of particle bound 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) air concentration measurements as a surrogate of diesel exhaust (DE) exposure, as compared with industry-standard elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) measurements. Personal exposures are reported for 18 employees at a large underground metal mine during four different monitoring campaigns. Full-shift personal air exposure sampling was conducted using a Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) compliant diesel particulate matter (DPM) impactor cassette downstream of a GS-1 cyclone pre-selector. Each DPM filter element was analyzed for EC and organic carbon (OC) using NIOSH Method 5040. After EC and OC analysis, the remaining portion of each DPM filter was analyzed for 1-NP using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). We observed high correlations between the quantiles of 1-NP and EC exposures across 10 different work shift task groups (r = 0.87 to 0.96), and a linear relationship with a slope between 6.0 to 6.9 pg 1-NP per µg EC. However, correlation between 1-NP and EC was weak (r =0.34) for the 91 individual sample pairs due to low EC concentrations and possible heterogeneity of DE composition. While both 1-NP and EC differentiated between high and low exposure groups categorized by job location, measurements of 1-NP, but not EC further differentiated between specific job activities. Repeated measurements on individual subjects verified the relationship between 1-NP and EC and demonstrated substantial within-subject variability in exposure. The detection limit of TC air concentration ranged between 18 and 28 µg m-3 and was limited by OC contamination of the quartz filters in the MSHA compliant DPM samplers.
我们研究了颗粒结合的 1-硝基芘（1-NP）空气浓度测量作为柴油机尾气（DE）暴露的替代物的可行性，与行业标准的元素碳（EC）和总碳（TC）测量相比。在四个不同的监测活动中，报告了 18 名在大型地下金属矿山工作的员工的个人暴露情况。使用符合矿山安全与健康管理局（MSHA）标准的柴油机颗粒物（DPM）冲击器盒，在 GS-1 旋风预选器的下游对整个班次的个人空气暴露进行采样。使用 NIOSH 方法 5040 对每个 DPM 过滤器元素进行 EC 和有机碳（OC）分析。在 EC 和 OC 分析之后，使用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC/MS/MS）对每个 DPM 过滤器的其余部分进行 1-NP 分析。我们观察到，在 10 个不同的工作班次任务组中，1-NP 和 EC 暴露的分位数之间存在高度相关性（r = 0.87 至 0.96），并且存在一个线性关系，斜率在 6.0 至 6.9 pg 1-NP 每 µg EC 之间。然而，由于 EC 浓度低和 DE 成分可能存在异质性，在 91 对个体样本对中，1-NP 与 EC 之间的相关性较弱（r = 0.34）。虽然 1-NP 和 EC 可以区分高暴露组和低暴露组，但是 1-NP 测量值而不是 EC 测量值可以进一步区分特定的工作活动。对个体受试者的重复测量验证了 1-NP 和 EC 之间的关系，并证明了暴露的个体内变异性很大。TC 空气浓度的检测限在 18 和 28 µg m-3 之间，受到 MSHA 兼容的 DPM 采样器中石英过滤器 OC 污染的限制。
