Ono Shoichiro
Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Int Rev Cytol. 2007;258:1-82. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(07)58001-0.
The actin cytoskeleton is one of the major structural components of the cell. It often undergoes rapid reorganization and plays crucial roles in a number of dynamic cellular processes, including cell migration, cytokinesis, membrane trafficking, and morphogenesis. Actin monomers are polymerized into filaments under physiological conditions, but spontaneous depolymerization is too slow to maintain the fast actin filament dynamics observed in vivo. Gelsolin, actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin, and several other actin-severing/depolymerizing proteins can enhance disassembly of actin filaments and promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This review presents advances as well as a historical overview of studies on the biochemical activities and cellular functions of actin-severing/depolymerizing proteins.
肌动蛋白细胞骨架是细胞的主要结构成分之一。它经常经历快速重组，并在许多动态细胞过程中发挥关键作用，包括细胞迁移、胞质分裂、膜运输和形态发生。肌动蛋白单体在生理条件下聚合成细丝，但自发解聚太慢，无法维持体内观察到的快速肌动蛋白丝动力学。凝溶胶蛋白、肌动蛋白解聚因子（ADF）/丝切蛋白以及其他几种肌动蛋白切断/解聚蛋白可以增强肌动蛋白丝的拆卸，并促进肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重组。本综述介绍了肌动蛋白切断/解聚蛋白的生化活性和细胞功能研究的进展以及历史概况。
