Masten Ann S, Obradovic Jelena
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0345, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1094:13-27. doi: 10.1196/annals.1376.003.
The first three waves of research on resilience in development, largely behavioral in focus, contributed a compelling set of concepts and methods, a surprisingly consistent body of findings, provocative issues and controversies, and clues to promising areas for the next wave of resilience research linking biology and neuroscience to behavioral adaptation in development. Behavioral investigators honed the definitions and assessments of risk, adversity, competence, developmental tasks, protective factors, and other key aspects of resilience, as they sought to understand how some children overcome adversity to do well in life. Their findings implicate fundamental adaptive systems, which in turn suggest hot spots for the rising fourth wave of integrative research on resilience in children, focused on processes studied at multiple levels of analysis and across species.
发展韧性研究的前三波浪潮，主要聚焦于行为方面，贡献了一系列引人注目的概念和方法、一套惊人一致的研究结果、引发争议的问题以及关于下一波韧性研究的有前景领域的线索，即将生物学和神经科学与发展中的行为适应联系起来。行为研究者们完善了风险、逆境、能力、发展任务、保护因素以及韧性其他关键方面的定义和评估，因为他们试图理解一些孩子如何克服逆境并在生活中表现出色。他们的研究结果涉及基本的适应系统，这反过来又为儿童韧性综合研究的第四波热潮指明了重点领域，该热潮聚焦于在多个分析层面以及跨物种研究的过程。
