Calisher Charles H, Wagoner Kent D, Amman Brian R, Root J Jeffrey, Douglass Richard J, Kuenzi Amy J, Abbott Ken D, Parmenter Cheryl, Yates Terry L, Ksiazek Thomas G, Beaty Barry J, Mills James N
Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2007 Jan;43(1):1-11. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.1.1.
We used long-term data collected for up to 10 yr (1994-2004) at 23 trapping arrays (i.e., webs and grids) in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico to examine demographic factors known or suspected to be associated with risk of infection with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in its natural host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Gender, age (mass), wounds or scars, season, and local relative population densities were statistically associated with the period prevalence of antibody (used as a marker of infection) to SNV in host populations. Nevertheless, antibody prevalence and some of the risk factors associated with antibody prevalence, such as relative population density, gender bias, and prevalence of wounding, varied significantly among sites and even between nearby trapping arrays at a single site. This suggests that local microsite-specific differences play an important role in determining relative risk of infection by SNV in rodents and, consequently, in humans. Deer mouse relative population density varied among sites and was positively and statistically associated with infection prevalence, an association that researchers conducting shorter-term studies failed to demonstrate. Both wounding and antibody prevalence increased with mass class in both males and females; this increase was much more pronounced in males than in females and wounding was more frequent in adult males than in adult females. Prevalence of wounding was greatest among seropositive deer mice, regardless of mass class, but many deer mice without detectable wounds or scars eventually became infected. Many of these patterns, which will be useful in the development of predictive models of disease risk to humans, were only detected through the application of data collected over a long (10-yr) period and with abundant replication.
我们利用在亚利桑那州、科罗拉多州、蒙大拿州和新墨西哥州的23个诱捕阵列（即网和网格）收集的长达10年（1994 - 2004年）的长期数据，来研究已知或疑似与鹿鼠（白足鼠）这一自然宿主感染辛诺柏病毒（SNV）风险相关的人口统计学因素。性别、年龄（体重）、伤口或疤痕、季节以及当地相对种群密度与宿主种群中抗SNV抗体（用作感染标志物）的时期患病率在统计学上相关。然而，抗体患病率以及一些与抗体患病率相关的风险因素，如相对种群密度、性别偏差和受伤患病率，在不同地点之间甚至在单个地点附近的诱捕阵列之间都有显著差异。这表明局部微生境特异性差异在决定啮齿动物感染SNV的相对风险以及进而在人类感染风险方面起着重要作用。鹿鼠的相对种群密度在不同地点有所不同，并且与感染患病率呈正相关且具有统计学意义，而进行短期研究的研究人员未能证明这种关联。雄性和雌性的受伤率和抗体患病率均随体重等级增加；这种增加在雄性中比在雌性中更为明显，并且成年雄性的受伤频率高于成年雌性。无论体重等级如何，血清阳性鹿鼠的受伤率最高，但许多没有可检测到的伤口或疤痕的鹿鼠最终也被感染。许多这些模式将有助于开发人类疾病风险预测模型，这些模式仅通过应用长期（10年）收集且有大量重复的数据才被检测到。
